Quantum cryptography: advancements and challenges in secure communication

Arifuzzaman; Iftikhar Ahmad

Author(s)

Arifuzzaman Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah, Kingdom of,Saudi Arabia

Iftikhar Ahmad Department of Information Technology, Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdulaziz University,Jeddah, Kingdom of,Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Quantum computing poses a crucial threat against traditional cryptographic systems because it creates substantial weakness in existing encryption standards. This paper examines the quantum cryptography field by studying its three main frameworks, including Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) and post-quantum cryptographic (PQC) algorithms and hybrid security approaches. The research paper evaluates quantum- based protocols BB84 and E91 and PQC schemes using lattice and code methods in addition to machine learning-enhanced cryptography by analyzing existing works. The paper explores critical problems involving high execution expenses alongside scalability limitations and infrastructure compatibility problems, as well as side-channel attack susceptibility. Healthcare practitioners must focus on developing standardized deployment techniques alongside strong implementation strategies because these measures become essential for IoT and smart cities. This paper brings together insights from more than twenty-four fundamental studies to simplify the understanding of existing conditions and establish directions for secure quantum communication systems.

Publication Details

Page(s) 1823-1835

DOI DOI not available

Published Journal: ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Volume: 20, Issue: 19, Year: 2025

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Keywords

quantum cryptography, Secure Communication, quantum key distribution (QKD), quantum computing threats, post-quantum cryptography (PQC)

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