Genetic disorders are acquiring a great public health importance. Among these "Hemoglobinopathies" are most frequently encountered in various regions of the world. "Hemoglobinopathies" are a group of inherited disorders characterized by the defective synthesis of the poly-peptide chains of the globin fraction of the hemoglobin molecule. Human hemoglobin is one of the most throughly investigated protein molecule and hemoglobinopathies can, therefore, be understood at the molecular level. Routine screening for thalassaemias may be worthwhile in high frequency areas for genetic counselling out diagnostic purposes, since a small fraction of thalassaemia trait carriers are significantly anaemie.