Learning Disability (LD) is said to affect the abilities of brain to receive, process and store information causing difficulties for an individual to read, write or learn. Learning disabilities may have environmental reasons like prenatal exposure to alcohol or postnatal exposure to lead, but most of the learning disabilities are genetic. Fragile-X syndrome is one of the leading causes of learning disabilities, which is the reason why LD is more common in males than females. The present review is an attempt to highlight genetic factors involved which might facilitate earlier screening of LDs through molecular identification.