The evolution of genetics is traced since the publication of Mendel's paperin 1865, and shows that new disciplines within the realm of biology have opened up undreamt of vistas for research. So far as man is concerned, his evolution will be, on the basis of the available evidences, mental; and the fight between religion and science is therefore primarily an intellectual fight. It is suggested that man should develop some sort of protection against the possibility of annihilation through a thermonuclear war. The new type of intellectual man in the West the author calls `Numan' and his battle with his inferiors is somewhat like what Homo sapiens waged against Homo Neanderthalis.