Economic growth and energy autarky are inexorably linked. It may be naive to think that we can rid ourselves from the deep economic malaise without access to reliable energy supply systems at affordable costs. Pakistan is endowed with unlimited natural resources. Yet despite fifty years of our existence the goal of energy self-dependence is far cry. We are heavily oil-dependent and spend more than two billion US dollars on oil importation annually. Oil constitutes about 43 percent of the total primary energy supplies and around 48 percent of the net energy consumption by source. Less than 20 percent of oil supplies are based on indigenous production. These reserves will not last even two years if we were to meet all our oil-requirements through indigenous production. Similarly, the demand of natural gas, the largest indigenously available source of commercial energy, far exceeds the supply and at the current production level, the balance recoverable gas reserves may dry up in a little less than 15 years. It indeed is a national malady that the abundantly available indigenous resources of hydro and coal energy remain largely untapped for one reason or the other.