Enhancing Wheat Crop Yield and Quality through Genetic Engineering Technologies: A Comprehensive Review

Usama Waheed; Zahida Iftikhar; Muhammad Mudassir; Swaiba Rani; Hassan Raza; Zahra Noor; Amina; Muhammad Hammad Butt; Hina Naveed; Sadaf Batool; Ali Hassan; Zia Ul Rehman; Muhammad Naveed

doi:10.22194/JGIAS/11.1089

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Enhancing Wheat Crop Yield and Quality through Genetic Engineering Technologies: A Comprehensive Review

Author(s)

Usama Waheed Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Zahida Iftikhar Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Muhammad Mudassir Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Swaiba Rani Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Hassan Raza Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Zahra Noor Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Amina Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Muhammad Hammad Butt Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Hina Naveed Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Sadaf Batool Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Ali Hassan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Zia Ul Rehman Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Muhammad Naveed Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract

The increasing world population has created an alarming situation to meet the demand for food. Ultimately wheat yield is required to be increased proportionally to the world's population. An estimated increase of 05 tonnes per hectare is direly needed from the current production of 3.3 tonnes by the end of 2050. To achieve this goal it is required to adopt new, emerging, and efficient breeding techniques which caused a recent breakthrough in wheat genome sequencing and provided sufficient information for the traits which are directly related to quality and yield of crops. This review provides a comprehensive overview of tools and techniques which are widely used for discovering the functionality of genes that results in specific phenotypes of Wheat. It gives a deep historical account of the development of wheat transformation techniques and provides an idea about in which way these techniques have been adapted to produce gain-of-function phenotypes through gene overexpression, loss-of-function phenotypes through the expression of antisense RNAs (RNA interference or RNAi). Recently, gene structure and expression manipulation using site-specific nucleases such as CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing. The review summarizes recent successes in the application of wheat genetic manipulation to enhance yield, improve wheat's nutritional and health-promoting qualities, and boost the crop's resistance to various biotic and abiotic stresses.

Publication Details

Page(s) 481-489

DOI 10.22194/JGIAS/11.1089

Published Journal: Journal of Global Innovations in Agricultural Sciences, Volume: 11, Issue: 4, Year: 2023

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Keywords

RNAi, overexpression, Transformation, gene knock-Out, gene knock-In

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