Surgical Site Infection

Nawal Salama Gouda

doi:10.47310/jpms2025140303

Author(s)

Nawal Salama Gouda Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, Saudi Arabia

Abstract

Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) are a serious public health concern. The SSI is a common postoperative complication that can occur anywhere in the body, including the site of the incision, the surgically operated organs or tissues, or other locations where surgical instruments were placed. Along with other pathogens obtained in the community or hospital, opportunistic endogenous bacteria can cause Surgical Site Infections (SSIs) by contaminating surgical wounds or implanted medical devices. A substantial cost on patients, healthcare providers and the healthcare system overall is linked to SSIs, which impacts 0.5% to 3% of surgical patients. When compared to patients without SSIs, SSIs may result in longer hospital stays. The rates of SSI remain surprisingly high, even though many laws and standards have been put in place to avoid these infections ; this puts the healthcare system at risk for morbidity and mortality. This review presents brief information about the incidence, microbiology, preventive strategies and management of these infections.

Publication Details

Page(s) 21-33

DOI 10.47310/jpms2025140303

Published Journal: Journal of Pioneering Medical Sciences, Volume: 14, Issue: 3, Year: 2025

Request the full text from PASTIC

Keywords

Antimicrobial resistance, Wound infection, Surgical site infections, Post-operative infections, SSI

References

.2025 .Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Surgical Site Infection Event (SSI). National Healthcare Safety Network, : .

Bhattacharyya . .Surgical site infections: A review. ” IP International Journal of Medical Microbiology and Tropical Diseases, 7(2021) : 124-128.

Ching .2024 .Care Bundles in Surgical Site Infection Prevention: A Narrative Review. Current Infectious Disease Reports, 26 : 163-172.

Seidelman ,Jessica L ,April 2023 . .Surgical site infection trends in community hospitals from 2013 to 2018.” Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology. , 44(4) : 610-615.

Uckay I. . .. “Preventing Surgical Site Infections.” Expert Rev. Anti. Infect. Ther., 8(2010) : 657-70.

.2018 .Global guidelines for the prevention of surgical site infection. Infection Prevention and Control (IPC), : .

Andersen .2019 .Prevention of Postoperative Wound Infections.” In: Prevention and Control of Infections in Hospitals. , : 33-0.

.2019 .Surgical site infections and the microbiome: An updated perspective. ” Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 40(5) : 590-596.

Kolasi ski,November 2018 . .Surgical site infections - review of current knowledge, methods of prevention. Polish Journal of Surgery, 91(4) : 41-47.

Hrynyshyn ,January .2022 .. “Biofilms in Surgical Site Infections: Recent Advances and Novel Prevention and Eradication Strategies.” Antibiotics, 11(1) : .

Hao ,Yuan-Kun Lee .2004 .Microflora of the gastrointestinal tract: a review.” Public Health Microbiology. , 268 : 491-502.

Tummalapalli .2015 .. “Antimicrobial Surgical Sutures: Recent Developments and Strategies.” Polymer Reviews, 1119163(4) : 607-630.

Anderson Deverick J . .Strategies to prevent surgical site infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 update. ” Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology, 35(6) : 605-627.

Alexander J. . .Updated recommendations for control of surgical site infections. ” Annals of Surgery, 253(6) : 1082-1093.

Cohen Margot E.,November 2017 . .“Surgical Antibiotic Prophylaxis and Risk for Postoperative Antibiotic-Resistant Infections. ”Journal of the American College of Surgeons, 225(5) : 631-638.

.2014 .Antimicrobial prophylaxis for colorectal surgery.” Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews. , 5 : .

Weber Walter P. . .“Timing of surgical antimicrobial prophylaxis: a phase 3 randomised controlled trial. ” The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 17(6) : 605-614.

Perl T.M.,Engl. J. Med N .2002 .Intranasal mupirocin to prevent postoperative Staphylococcus aureus infections. , 346(24) : 1871-1877.

Berríos-Torres S.I. . .“Healthcare infection control practices advisory committee. centers for disease control and prevention guideline for the prevention of surgical site infection. ” JAMA Surg., 152(2017) : 784-791.

Ali Y.,Alcohols Y.,Prevention Y. .2000 .. Williams and Wilkins, : 229S253.

Denton G.W.,Prevention G.W. .2000 .. Williams and Wilkins, : 321-336.

Boyce J.M.,Pittet D. .2002 .Recommendations of the Healthcare Infection Control Practices Advisory Committee and. Am Journal Infect Control, 30 : S1S46.

Harnoss J.C. . .“Comparison of chlorhexidine-isopropanol with isopropanol skin antisepsis for prevention of surgical-site infection after abdominal surgery. British Journal of Surgery, 105(7) : 893-899.

Wang ,Yuan- . .Postoperative tight glycemic control significantly reduces postoperative infection rates in patients undergoing surgery: a meta-analysis. ” BMC Endocrine Disorders, 18(1) : .

Kamath S. . .“Role of topical antibiotics in hip surgery: A prospective randomised study. ” Injury, 36(6) : 783-787.

Norman ,April .2022 .“Negative pressure wound therapy for surgical wounds healing by primary closure.” Cochrane Database of Systematic reviews. , 4 : .

.2023 .Antimicrobial resistance. World Health Organization, World Antimicrobial Awareness Week, : .

Reygaert . .An overview of the antimicrobial resistance mechanisms of bacteria. ” AIMS Microbiology, 4(3) : 482-501.