Heart matters: Understanding heart attacks

Sabira Sultana; Muhammad Akram; Muhammad Mudassar; Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir; Abdul Waheed; Zia Ashraf; Momina Iftikhar; Muhammad Riaz; Naveed Munir; Muhammad Mustafa Qamar

doi:10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13568.1

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Heart matters: Understanding heart attacks

Author(s)

Sabira Sultana Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad,,Pakistan

Muhammad Akram Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad,,Pakistan

Muhammad Mudassar College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University Faisalabad,,Pakistan

Imtiaz Mahmood Tahir College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University Faisalabad,,Pakistan

Abdul Waheed College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University Faisalabad,,Pakistan

Zia Ashraf College of Allied Health Professionals, Government College University Faisalabad,,Pakistan

Momina Iftikhar Department of Eastern Medicine, Government College University Faisalabad,,Pakistan

Muhammad Riaz Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha,Sargodha,Pakistan

Naveed Munir Department of Biomedical Lab Sciences, School of Health Sciences, University of Management and Technology,Lahore,Pakistan

Muhammad Mustafa Qamar Department of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sargodha,Sargodha,Pakistan

Abstract

Coronary heart disease (CAD), the leading cause of myocardial infarctions, or heart attacks, is most often caused by atherosclerosis. Heart attacks are a worldwide health issue because they can result in tissue damage or even death due to the occlusion of blood flow to the heart. In order to treat, prevent, and diagnose cardiovascular diseases, one must be aware of the causative factors. Symptoms present differently in both genders, and therefore it is difficult for the clinical picture, diagnosis, and treatment. Methods of prevention and therapy in the modern world are described, and the role of micro-vascular disease in women becomes more and more acknowledged, so it is necessary to develop more advanced diagnostic criteria and therapeutic strategies. The etiology, clinical epidemiology, methods of prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of heart attacks are discussed in this study.

Publication Details

Page(s) 1442-1447

DOI 10.36721/PJPS.2025.38.4.REG.13568.1

Published Journal: Pakistan Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Volume: 38, Issue: 4, Year: 2025

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Keywords

Coronary artery disease, Atherosclerosis, Blood clots, and myocardial infarction

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