Optimizing Poultry Production: Nutritional Inter ventions, Management Practices and Diagnostic Approaches for Fatty Liver Disease in Layers

Bilal Javid; Hafiz Muhammad Bilal Akhtar; Tahira Kamal; Muhammad Naeem Riaz

doi:10.17582/journal.pjar/2024/37.4.340.354

No Detail Found!

Optimizing Poultry Production: Nutritional Inter ventions, Management Practices and Diagnostic Approaches for Fatty Liver Disease in Layers

Author(s)

Bilal Javid National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural research Centre Park Road, Islamabad,Pakisktan,

Hafiz Muhammad Bilal Akhtar National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural research Centre Park Road, Islamabad,Pakisktan,

Tahira Kamal National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural research Centre Park Road, Islamabad,Pakisktan,

Muhammad Naeem Riaz National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), National Agricultural research Centre Park Road, Islamabad,Pakisktan,

Abstract

|Fatty liver disease (FLD) in layers presents considerable challenges to production, eficiency and animal welfare. This comprehensive review explores the etiology, mechanism of disease development, risk factors, diagnostic methods, and especially the role of nutrition in causing Fatty Liver Disease in layers. FLD is characterized by the excessive accumulation of lipids in hepatocytes. It is a multifactorial disorder influenced by various factors including genetics, nutrition, environment, and management practices. The economic impact of FLD on egg production and quality, as well as the welfare implications for afected birds, necessitates a thorough understanding of its mechanisms and management approaches. Diagnostic techniques such as histopathology, biochemical assays, and imaging modalities are crucial in identifying and monitoring FLD progression. Dietary changes, stress management, and welfare interventions are all included in management techniques because they are meant to minimize stress and maximize liver function. Animal welfare is greatly afected by the living environment of poultry. The influence of cage and cage-free housing systems on overall bird health, disease, stress, and behavior is variable. Preventive measures and early detection are strong strategies to alleviate the possible risk of occurrence of FLD. The current review may help to cover the research gaps regarding FLD in poultry as it provides insights on, diferent diagnostic tests from published research, the efect of diferent housing systems on poultry health, pathogenesis, associated risk factors, and good management.

Publication Details

Page(s) 340-354

DOI 10.17582/journal.pjar/2024/37.4.340.354

Published Journal: Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Research, Volume: 37, Issue: 4, Year: 2024

Request the full text from PASTIC

Keywords

Management, diagnosis, Prevention, Fatty liver disease, Role of Nutrition

References

Appleby M.C.,Walker A.W.,Nicol C.J.,Lindberg A.C.,Freire R.,Hughes B.O.,Elson H.A. .2002 .Development of furnished cages for layinghens. , 43(4) : 489-500.

Husain Assi,Sadeghi H.,Karimi A.,A. A. .2023 .Efects of chicory, turmeric, artichoke and sage powder in high energy and low protein diets on yield, egg quality and fatty liver status in laying hens. Anim. Sci. J, 36(138) : 19-38.

Broom D.M. .1986 .Indicators of poor welfare. British Vet. J, 86 : 90109-0.

Butler E. J. .1976 .Fatty liver diseases in the domestic fowl-A review. Avian Pathology, 5(1) : 1-14.

Cherian G.,Holsonbake T.B.,Goeger M.P.,Bildfell R. .2002 .Dietary CLA alters yolk and tissue FA composition and hepatic histopathology of laying hens. , 37(8) : 751-757.

Choi Y.I.,Ahn H.J.,Lee B.K.,Oh S.T.,An B.K.,Kang C.W.,Asian-Australas C.W. .2011 .Nutritional and hormonal induction of fatty liver syndrome and efects of dietary lipotropic factors in eggtype male chicks. , 25(8) : .

Cross K.E.,Dodds P.F.,Noble R.C.,McCartney R.,Connor K. .1987 .Efects of age and diet on the lipid content and composition of gallbladder bile, liver and serum in laying strains of hen. , 28(4) : 577-584.

Diaz G.J.,Squires E.J.,Julian R.J. .1999 .The use of selected plasma enzyme activities for the diagnosis of fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens. , : 768-773.

Dong X.,J. X. .2019 .Diferent susceptibility to fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome in young and older layers and the interaction on blood LDL-C levels between oestradiols and high energy-low protein diets. , 60(3) : 019-1571164.

Duncan I.J. .2005 .Welfare aspects of various systems for keeping laying hens. EFSA J, 197(4) : 1-23.

EFSA .2005 .Welfare aspects of various systems for keeping laying hens. EFSA Journal, 197 : 1-23.

Farooq U.,Mustafa R.,Khalid M.F.,Auon M.,Mahmood U.,Wahaab A.,Hussain J. .2022 .Supplementation of herbal seeds to improve the growth performance and digestion in Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica). , 10 : 19-25.

Federico A.,Dallio M.,Godos J.,Loguercio C.,Salomone F. .2015 .Targeting gutliver axis for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: translational and clinical evidence. Transl. Res, 08(1) : 116-124.

Fossum O.,Jansson D.S.,Etterlin P.E.,Vågsholm I. .2009 .Causes of mortality in laying hens in diferent housing systems in 2001 to 2004. , 51 : 1751-9.

Fraser D. .2003 .Assessing animal welfare at the farm and group level: the interplay of science and values. , 12(4) : 433-443.

Fraser D.,Duncan I. J.,Edwards S. A.,Grandin T.,Gregory N. G.,Guyonnet V.,Whay H. R. .2013 .General principles for the welfare of animals in production systems: the underlying science and its application. The Veterinary Journal, 198(1) : 19-27.

Gao X.,Liu P.,Wu C.,Wang T.,Liu G.,Cao H.,Guo X. .2019 .Efects of fatty liver Fatty Liver Disease in Poultry hemorrhagic syndrome on the AMP-activated protein kinase signaling pathway in laying hens. , 98(5) : 2201-2210.

Gao X.,Liu S.,Ding C.,Miao Y.,Gao Z.,Li M.,Song S. .2021 .Comparative efects of genistein and bisphenol A on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in laying hens. Environ, 288 : .

Government .2022 .. Economic survey of Pakistan, : .

Xiao Quan Guo,G.X. Guo,C.H. Guo,ZhangCaiYing H.G.,Li Hao Tang Z.C.,Chao L.H.,HongFeng L.H.,C.H. L.H.,Lin Li,L.L. Li .2012 .Efect of high-energy lowprotein diet supplemented with biotin on fat metabolism of laying hens. , : .

Guo L.,Kuang J.,Zhuang Y.,Jiang J.,Shi Y.,Huang C.,Guo X. .2021 .Serum metabolomic profiling to reveal potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens. , 12 : .

Haghighi-Rad F.,Polin D. .1982 .Lipid alleviates fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome. Poultry Science, 61(12) : 2465-2472.

Hansen R.J.,Walzem R.L. .1993 .Avian fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome: a comparative review. Adv. Vet. Sci. Comp, 37 : 451-468.

Hemsworth P.H.,Mellor D.J.,Cronin G.M.,Tilbrook A.J. .2014 .Scientific assessment of animal welfare. N.Z. vet. , 9661(1) : 24-30.

Hochleithner M.,Hochleithner C.,Harrison L.D. .2006 .Evaluating and treating the liver. Clin. avian med, 1 : 441-450.

Huang C,Li Y,Tang R,Feng C.,Gao X.,Abbas RZ,Khan A,Liu P .2022 .Pathogenesis and nutritional regulation of fatty liver hemorrhage syndrome in laying hens. , : 214-220.

Huang C.,Gao X.,Shi Y.,Guo L.,Zhou C.,Li N.,Guo X. .2022 .Inhibition of hepatic AMPK pathway contributes to free fatty acids-induced fatty liver disease in laying hen. , 12(9) : .

Ivy C.A.,Nesheim M.C. .1973 .Factors influencing the liver fat content of laying hens. , 52(1) : 281-291.

Jaensch S. .2000 .Diagnosis of avian hepatic disease. In Seminars in avian and exotic pet medicine, 9(3) : 126-135.

Jiang S.,Hester S.,Hu J.Y.,Yan F.F.,Dennis F.F. .2014 .Efect of perches on liver health of hens. , 93(7) : 03659-1622.

Julian R.J. .2004 .Production and growth related disorders and other metabolic diseases of poultry-a review. The Vet. , 04(3) : 350-369.

Kang X.,Amevor F. K.,Zhang L.,Shah A. M.,Zhu Q.,Tian Y.,Zhao X.,Braz X. .2022 .Study on the Major Genes Related with Fat Deposition in Liver and Abdominal Fat of Diferent Breeds of Chicken. , 24(01) : 2020.

Kaufmann‐Bart M.,Hoop R.K. .2009 .Diseases in chicks and laying hens during the ifrst 12 years after battery cages were banned in Switzerland. , 164(7) : 203-207.

Kohjima M.,Enjoji M.,Higuchi N.,Kato M.,Kotoh K.,Yoshimoto T.,Nakamuta M. .2007 .Re-evaluation of fatty acid metabolismrelated gene expression in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Int. j. mol. Med, 20(3) : 351-358.

Kohjima M.,Yoshimoto T.,Enjoji M.,Fukushima N.,Fukuizumi K.,Nakamura T.,Nakamuta M. .2015 .Hepcidin/ferroportin expression levels involve eficacy of pegylated-interferon plus ribavirin in hepatitis C virus-infected liver. World Journal of Gastroenterology: WJG, 21(11) : 3291.

Jr Lay,Fulton D.C.,Hester R.M.,Karcher P.Y.,Kjaer D.M.,Mench J.B.,Porter J.A.,R.E. J.A. .2011 .Hen welfare in diferent housing systems. , 90(1) : 278-294.

Leone E. H.,Estevez I. .2008 .Use of space in the domestic fowl: separating the efects of enclosure size, group size and density. , 08(5) : 1673-1682.

Liaqat S.,Yousaf M.,Ahmad F.,Saleemi M.K.,Pak M.K. .2023 .Impact of poultry oil supplementation on liver health and fatty liver syndrome in caged layers. , 60(3) : .

Lin ,Chiao-Wei ,Ting-Wei Huang,Yu-Ju Peng,Yuan-Yu Lin,Shih-Torng Ding Harry John Mersmann .2020 .“A novel chicken model of fatty liver disease induced by high cholesterol and low choline diets. , 11(3) : 100869.

Mahmood M.S.,Sabir R. .2020 .Preparation and evaluation of avian influenza (H9) and Newcastle disease (thermostable i-2 strain) bivalent vaccine for commercial poultry. , 3 : 17-23.

Marchesini G.,Bugianesi E.,Forlani G.,Cerrelli F.,Lenzi M.,Manini R.,Rizzetto M. .2003 .Nonalcoholic fatty liver, steatohepatitis, and the metabolic syndrome. , 37(4) : 917-923.

Maurice D.V.,Jensen L.S. .1978 .Influence of diet composition on hepatic lipid accumulation and hemorrhages in caged layers. , 57(4) : 989-997.

McCausland C.,Agric J. .2014 .The five freedoms of animal welfare are rights. , 27 : 649-662.

Meijering A. .1979 .Fatty liver syndrome in laying hens-An attempt to review. World's Poult. Sci. J, 35(2) : 79-94.

Mench J.A.,Rodenburg T.B. .2018 .Sustainability of laying hen housing systems. - 08-100915-4, : 00010-5.

Mench J.A.,Sumner D.A.,Rosen-Molina J.T. .2011 .Sustainability of egg production in the United States-The policy and market context. , 90(1) : 00844-240.

Miao Y.F.,Gao X.N.,Xu D.N.,Li M.C.,Gao Z.S.,Tang Z.H.,Song S.Q. .2020 .Protective efect of the new prepared at ractylodes macroce phala Koidz polysaccharide on fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens. , 11(2) : 938-948.

Murwani R.,Kusumanti E.,Naumova E.N. .2022 .Areca catechu L. and Anredera cordifolia (Ten) Steenis supplementation reduces faecal parasites and improves caecal histopathology in laying hens. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med, 10(1) : 52-63.

Navasa M.,Gordon D.A.,Hariharan N.,Jamil H.,Shigenaga J.K.,Moser A.,Feingold K.R. .1998 .Regulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein mRNA expression by endotoxin and cytokines. J. Lipid Res, 2275(20) : 32546-3.

Ozer J.,Ratner M.,Shaw M.,Bailey W.,Schomaker S. .2007 .The current state of serum biomarkers of hepatotoxicity. , 11(3) : 194-205.

Patel S.,Ahmed S. .2014 .Emerging field of metabolomics: big promise for cancer biomarker identification and drug discovery. J. pharm. Biomed. Anal, 12 : 63-74.

Pearson A.W.,E.J. A.W. .1978 .Environmental temperature as a factor in the aetiology of fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome in the fowl. Res, 5288(18) : 32967-9.

Pearson A.W.,Arkhipov A.V.,Butler E.J.,Laursen-Jones A.P. .1978 .Influence of dietary cereal and energy content on the accumulation of lipids in the liver in fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome in the fowl. Res, 5288(18) : 33101-1.

Pearson A.W.,Curtis M.J.,Butler E.J. .1981 .Bacterial endotoxins and the pathogenesis of fatty liver-haemorrhagic syndrome in the laying hen. Res, 5288(18) : 32507-4.

Peng G.,Huang E.,Ruan J.,Huang L.,Liang H.,Wei Q.,Huang J. .2019 .Efects of a high energy and low protein diet on hepatic and plasma characteristics and Cidea and Cidec mRNA expression in liver and adipose tissue of laying hens with fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome. Anim. Sci. J, 90(2) : 247-254.

Piotrowska A.,Burlikowska K.,Szymeczko R. .2011 .Changes in blood chemistry in broiler chickens during the fattening period. Folia Biol, 59(3-4) : 183-187.

Polin D.,Wolford J. H. .1976 .Various types of diets, sources of energy, and positive energy balance in the induction of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome. Poultry Science, 55(1) : 325-334.

Polin D.,Wolford J. H. .1977 .Role of estrogen as a cause of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome. The Journal of nutrition, 107(5) : 873-886.

Reynolds D.L.,Simpson E.B. .2022 .Evaluation of ivermectin antiviral activity against avian infectious bronchitis virus using a chicken embryo model. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med, 10(1) : 19-24.

Rodenburg T.B.,Tuyttens F.A.M.,De Reu K.,Herman L.,Zoons J.,Sonck B. .2008 .Welfare assessment of laying hens in furnished cages and non-cage systems: an on-farm comparison. , 17(4) : 363-373.

Roysommuti S.,Wyss J.M. .2014 .Perinatal taurine exposure afects adult arterial pressure control. Amino Acids. , 46 : 57-72.

Rozenboim I.,Mahato J.,Cohen N.A.,Tirosh O. .2016 .Low protein and high-energy diet: a possible natural cause of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in caged White Leghorn laying hens. , 95(3) : 612-621.

Rutkowski J.M.,Davis K.E.,Scherer P.E. .2009 .Mechanisms of obesity and related pathologies: the macro‐and microcirculation of adipose tissue. The FEBS j. , 07303(20) : 4658-5746.

Sajjad M.M.,Rasheed M.,Farooq W.,Yasmin F.,Niaz S.,Yaqub T.,Agrobiol T. .2020 .Recent updates on molecular detection of H9N2 as low pathogenic strain of avian influenza virus from poultry farms of Lahore, Pakistan. , 5 : 15-20.

Rao Sambasiva,Reddy M.,J.K. M. .2004 .PPARα in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. , 40(4) : 783-786.

San ,Hu J.,Pang H.,Zuo W.,Su N.,Guo Z.,Yang J. .2023 .Taurine protects against the fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens through the regulation of mitochondrial homeostasis. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 10360(12) : .

Shini S.,Shini A.,Bryden W.L. .2019 .Unravelling fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome: 2. Inflammation and pathophysiology. , 49(2) : 131-143.

Shini S.,Shini A.,Bryden W.L. .2019 .Unravelling fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome: 1. Oestrogen and inflammation. , 49(1) : 87-98.

Shini S.,Stewart G.D.,Shini A.,Bryden W.L. .2006 .Mortality rates and causes of death in laying hens kept in cage and alternative housing systems. , : .

Shini S.,Shini A.,Bryden W. L. .2020 .Unravelling fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome: 1. Oestrogen and inflammation. Avian Pathology, 49(1) : 87-98.

Shini A. .2014 .Fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens: field and experimental investigations. , : .

So H.H.,Jeon E.O.,Byun S.H.,Mo I.P.,Korean J.,Poult J. .2009 .Early diagnosis of fatty liverhemorrhagic syndrome using blood biochemistry in commercial layers. , 36(2) : 165-175.

Squires E.J.,Leeson S. .1988 .Aetiology of fatty liver syndrome in laying hens. , 88 : 90031-0.

Sriboonyong P.,Poommarin P.,Sittiya J.,Opanasopit P.,Ngawhirunpat T.,Patrojanasophon P.,Pornpitchanarong C. .2022 .The utilization of mangosteen pericarp extract for anticoccidial drug replacement in broiler feed. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine, 10(1) : 90-99.

Patrojanasophon P.,Pornpitchanarong C. .2022 .The utilization of mangosteen pericarp extract for anticoccidial drug replacement in broiler feed. Int. J. Vet. Sci. Med, 2128(1) : 90-99.

Tan X.,Liu R.,Xing S.,Li Y.,Zheng Q.,Wen M.,J. M. .1800 .Genome-wide detection of key genes and epigenetic markers for chicken fatty liver. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 21(5) : .

Trott K.A.,Giannitti F.,Rimoldi G.,Hill A.,Woods L.,Barr B.,Mete A. .2014 .Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in the backyard chicken: a retrospective histopathologic case series. Vet, 51(4) : 787-795.

Tu W.,Jiang Y.,Jiang K.,S. K. .2023 .Osteocalcin and its potential functions for preventing fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in poultry. , 13(8) : .

Walzem R.L.,Simon C.,Morishita T.,Lowenstine L.,Hansen R.J. .1993 .Fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in hens overfed a purified diet. Selected enzyme activities and liver histology in relation to liver hemorrhage and reproductive performance. Poult. Sci., 72(8) : 1479-1491.

Webster A.B. .2004 .Welfare implications of avian osteoporosis. , 83(2) : 184-192.

Wei Y.,Rector R.S.,Thyfault J.P.,Ibdah J.A. .2008 .Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and mitochondrial dysfunction. World j. gastroenterol., 14(2) : .

Weitzenbürger D.,Vits D.,Distl O. .2005 .Efect of furnished small group housing systems and furnished cages on mortality and causes of death in two layer strains. , 46(5) : 553-559.

Whitehead C.C.,Vet C.C. .1979 .Nutritional and metabolic aspects of fatty liver disease in poultry. , 1(3) : 150-157.

Widowski T.M.,Classen H.,Newberry R.C.,Petrik M.,Schwean-Lardner K.,Cottee S.Y.,Cox B. .2013 .Code of practice for the care and handling of pullets, layers, and spent fowl: poultry (layers): review of scientific research on priority issues. , : .

Windhorst H.W. .2011 .The changing global egg industry. , 16 : 0-4.

Wree A.,Mehal W.Z.,Feldstein A.E. .2016 .Targeting cell death and sterile inflammation loop for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. In Seminars in liver disease, 01 : 027-036.

Xiong X.,Sheng X.,Liu D.,Zeng T.,Peng Y.,Wang Y. .2015 .A GC/MS-based metabolomic approach for reliable diagnosis of phenylketonuria. Anal. Bioanal. Chem, 407 : 8825-8833.

Yousefi M.,Shivazad M.,Sohrabi-Haghdoost I. .2005 .Efect of dietary factors on induction of fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome and its diagnosis methods with use of serum and liver parameters in laying hens. Int. J. Poult. Sci, 568(8) : 468-72.

Yu Y.,Gao Z.,Lou J.,Mao Z.,Li K.,Chu C.,Chen F. .2020 .Identification of serum-based metabolic feature and characteristic metabolites in paraquat intoxicated mouse models. , 11 : .

Yuan M.,Konstantopoulos N.,Lee J.,Hansen L.,Li Z.W.,Karin M.,Shoelson S.E. .2001 .Reversal of obesity-and diet-induced insulin resistance with salicylates or targeted disruption of Ikkβ. , 293(5535) : 1673-1677.

Zaefarian F.,Abdollahi M.R.,Cowieson V. .2019 .Avian liver: the forgotten organ. , 9(2) : .

Zhang J.W.,Chen D.W.,Yu B.,Wang Y.M. .2010 .Efect of dietary energy source on deposition and fatty acid synthesis in the liver of the laying hen. , 5(6) : 47457-710.

Zhang J.,Chen D.,Yu B. .2008 .Efect of diferent dietary energy sources on induction of fatty liver-hemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens. Int. J. Poult. Sci, 1232(12) : 1232-1236.

Zhou J.,Febbraio M.,Wada T.,Zhai Y.,Kuruba R.,He J.,Xie W. .2007 .Hepatic fatty acid transporter Cd36 is a common target of LXR, PXR, and PPARγ in promoting steatosis. , 11(2) : 556-567.

Zhu Y.,Mao H.,Peng G.,Zeng Q.,Wei Q.,Ruan J.,Huang J. .2021 .Efect of JAKSTAT pathway in regulation of fatty liver hemorrhagic syndrome in chickens. , 34(1) : .

Zhuang Y.,Xing C.,Cao H.,Luo C.,Guo J.,Hu X.,G. X. .2019 .Insulin resistance and metabonomics analysis of fatty liver haemorrhagic syndrome in laying hens induced by a high-energy low-protein diet. Sci. rep, 9(1) : .

Zira A.,Kostidis S.,Theocharis S.,Sigala F.,Engelsen S.B.,Andreadou I.,Mikros E. .2013 .1H NMR-based metabonomics approach in a rat model of acute liver injury and. , : .

Citations

Downloads

Views