The study on ten sesame entries was conducted during Kharif 2017 and 2018 at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. The results of two years indicated highly significant differences among the genotypes for all the traits showing presence of high degree of variability which could be utilized for sesame crop improvement. Genotypic and phenotypic coefficients of variation (GCV and PCV) were maximum for seed yield followed by pods and branches per plant. Heritability (broad sense) was high (0.69 to 0.97) for all the traits indicating large proportion of the total variance was because of high genotypic variance due to which influence of environment was less on these traits thus having high heritable variation. There were least differences between GCV and PCV values along with high heritability estimates for all the traits indicating less influence of environment. Hence, direct selection is recommended for the improvement. High values of genetic advance as percent of mean for branches per plant, pods per plant and seed yield showing that yield increase through selection can be achieved up to a level of 12.52%, 21.86% and 23.87% respectively. Branches per plant, pods per plant and seed yield showed high heritability coupled with high GA% values, indicating that additive genes control these traits and direct selection based on phenotypic performance would be helpful for the improvement in the sesame crop. Therefore, efforts should be focused on these traits for devising selection strategy for increase in sesame yield on the basis of phenotypic performance.