Vaccination is no doubt the single most useful measure available to prevent infectious diseases. Preventing disease protects the health and welfare of the animals, helps to prevent the spread of disease to humans and helps to protect the environment. Sometimes, shortly after vaccination, a wide range of adverse consequences i.e., residual virulence and toxicity, allergic effects, disease in immunodeficient host, neurological complications etc have been observed, due to which, owners of animals that have shown signs are unwilling to re-vaccinate their animals. So they are using the alternative ways. The present article describes some of the alternatives to vaccination which include isolation of animals, control of disease vectors and reservoir hosts, serological testing for assessing serum antibody titres and treatment of infected animals.