Evaluation of Dominant Allelopathic Weed through Examining the Allelopathic Effects of Four Weeds on Germination and Seedling Growth of Six Crops.

GHULAM MUSTAFA; ABID ALI; SAMRAIZ ALI; LORENZO BARBANTI; MANSOOR AHMAD

doi:10.30848/PJB2019-1(22)

Author(s)

GHULAM MUSTAFA Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan

ABID ALI Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy; Department of Agronomy, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan

SAMRAIZ ALI Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan

LORENZO BARBANTI Department of Agricultural and Food Sciences, University of Bologna, Italy

MANSOOR AHMAD Department of Entomology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi, Pakistan

Abstract

Leaf aqueous extracts were used to examine the allelopathic effects of Melilotus indica, Medicago polymorpha, Elusine indica and Fumaria indica at four concentrations (10, 20, 30 and 40% W/V) on germination percentage, radicle and hypocotyl growth of six crops, namely Triticum aestivum, Hordeum vulgare, Medicago sativa, Trifolium spp., Raphanus sativus and Trigonella foenum-graecum. All weed extracts showed pronounced inhibitory effect on germination and seedling growth of tested crops, however inhibition was not consistent over studied parameters. Weeds exerted different allelopathic effects on test crops. Fumaria indica exhibited a significant negative effect on germination of all tested species at 20, 30 and 40% aqueous extracts, followed by Elusine indica and Medicago polymorpha, and Melilotus indica at 10% concentration level. Melilotus indica halted the hypocotyl growth of tested crops at 10 and 20% aqueous extracts, followed by F. indica at 30 and 40% dosage. Radicle growth of all recipient species was also stunted under the aqueous extract of M. indica at 20, 30 and 40%, followed by Medicago polymorpha except 10% concentration. Elusine indica showed negative effects on hypocotyl growth at higher concentrations as compared to Medicago polymorpha, whereas radicle growth was not affected under different aqueous extracts of E. indica. Leaf debris method was used in greenhouse to further authenticate the allelopathic effects of dominant allelopathic weed viz., Melilotus indica at four concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75 g per 300 g of soil) on germination percentage, shoot and root length of four crops, namely Medicago sativa, Trifolium spp., Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum. Powdered leaf debris of M. indica mixed with clay loam soil appeared to have strong allelopathic inhibition under higher concentrations on germination and shoot growth of Medicago sativa and Trifolium spp. as compared to Hordeum vulgare and Triticum aestivum, whereas inhibitory effects were more pronounced on Trifolium spp. and Triticum aestivum, in terms of their root length. Hence, M. indica proved a strong allelopathic weed that should be removed from field to avoid harmful effects during early growth stages of tested crops. Moreover, it is recommended that all these species be phytochemically examined for their allelopathic potential and possible development of environmental safe bio-herbicides to control weeds.

Publication Details

Page(s) 269-278

DOI 10.30848/PJB2019-1(22)

Published Journal: Pakistan Journal of Botany, Volume: 51, Issue: 1, Year: 2019

Request the full text from PASTIC

Keywords

Seedling Growth, Triticum aestivum L, Allelopathy, Melilotus indica, Medicago polymorpha, Elusine indica, Fumaria indica, Leaf aqueous extract

References

Aaradhana , C.,S.P.Singh,V.P.Singh,B.S.Mahapatra,D.K.Shukla, 2017.Potential allelopathic interference of aqueous extracts of winter weeds on yield and yield attributing characters of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),J. Pharm. Phyto. 6 1117 -1120

Alam , S.M.,A.H.Shaikh,M.A.Khan, 2011.Effects of weed seed of sweet clover (Melilotus indica L.) And NACL on germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.),Fuuast J. Biol. 1 39 -41

Alam , S.M., 1991.Weed Science Problem in Pakistan, 25 -29

Anwar , T., S.,Khalid , M.,Saeed , R.,Mazhar , H.,Qureshi and M.,Rashid, 2016.Allelopathic Interference of Leaf Powder and Aqueous Extracts of Hostile Weed: Parthenium hysterophorus (Asteraceae),Sci. Int 4 86 -93

Bagheri , A.,M.Rezaei,A.Eivazi,B.Lakzadeh, 2014.Effects of leaf Chenopodium album extractions on seedling related traits of Sorghum bicolor cultivars,Sci. Agri 6 48 -50

Basharat,A.D. , S.L.,Al-rowaily , A.M.,Assaeed , M.I.,J.A.Malik, 2017.Allelopathic potential of argemone ochroleuca from different habitats on seed germination of native species and cultivated crops,Pak. J. Bot. 49 1841 -1848

Batish , D.R.,K.Lavanya,H.P.Singh,R.K.Kohli, 2007.Root mediated allelopathic interference of Nettle-leaved Goosefoot (Chenopodium murale L.) on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),J. Agro. Crop Sci. 193 37 -44

Chou , C.H., 1990.Agro Ecology: Researching the ecological basis for sustainable agriculture,Ecological studies 1998 105 -121

Chughtai , S.M.,A.Sadiq,M.Ibrar, 1986.Phytotoxicity of Fumaria indica on WheatTriticum aestivum Cultivar BlueSilver, 18 59 -64

Colton , C.E.,F.A.Einhellig, 1980.Allelopathic mechanism of Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastic Medic, Malvaceae) on soyabean,Amer. J. Bot. 67 1407 -1413

Einhellig , F.A. and I.F.,Souza, 1992.Phytotoxicity of sorgoleone founds in grain sorghum root exudates,J. Chem 18 1 -9

El-Darier , S.M.,I.M.Ream,A.K.Kholod, 2014.Differential allelopathic effect of nine Haplophyllum tuberculatum growth forms through germination bioassay,J. Bio. Environ. Sci. 5 1 -11

Farooq , M.,K.Jabran,Z.A.Cheema,A.Wahidb and K.H.M. Siddique, 2011.The role of allelopathy in agricultural pest Management,Pest Manag. Sci. 67 493 -506

Fay , P.K.,W.B.Duke, 1977.An assessment of allelopathic potential in Avena germplasm,Weed Sci. 25 224 -228

Fischer , N.H.,L.Quijano, 1985.Allelopathic Agents from Common Weeds,of ACS Symposium Series 268 133 -148

Iqbal , Z.,H.Nasir,S.Hiradate,Y.Fujii, 2006.Plant growth inhibitory activity of Lycoris radiate herb and the possible involvement of lycorine as an allelochemicals,Weed Bio. Manag. 6 221 -227

Jafariehyazdi1 , E. and F.,Javidfar, 2011.Comparison of allelopathic effects of some brassica species in two growth stages on germination and growth of sunflower. Plant Soil Environ, 57 52 -56

Khan , M.A.,M.,Kalsoom , I.Q.,Khan , R.,Khan and S.A.,Khan, 2011.Screening the allelopathic potential of various weeds,Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res 17 73 -81

Khan , R.,M.A.Khan,M.Waqas,M.Haroon,Z.Hussain,N.Khan,M.Ramzan,S.Bashir, 2012.Bioherbicidal activity of some winter weeds against some crops,Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res 18 561 -569

Kuiters , A.T., 1989.Effect of phenolic acids on germination and early growth of herbaceous woodland plants,J. Chem 15 467 -479

Kumbhar , B.A.,R.B.Shah, 2012.Effects of aqueous extracts of two dominant weed species on seed germination and seedling growth of tobacco,IOSR J. Phar. 2 20 -23

McCalla , T.M.,F.L.Duley, 1948.Influence of soil microorganisms and crop residues on the germination, growth and direction of root growth of corn seedlings,Soil Sci. Am. Proc. 14 196 -199

Mousavi , S.H,KH. Alami-Saeid and A.,Moshatati, 2013.Effect of leaf, stem and root extract of alfalfa (Melilotus indicus L.) on seed germination and seedling growth of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.),Int. J. Agric. Crop Sci. 5 44 -49

Mubeen , K.,M.A.Nadeem,A.Tanveer,Z.A.Zahi, 2011.Allelopathic Effect of aqueous extracts of weeds on the germination and seedling growth of rice (Oryza sativa L.),Pak. J. Life. Soc. Sci. 9 7 -12

Mulatu , W.,B.Gezahegn,T.Solomon, 2009.Allelopathic effects of an invasive alien weed Parthenium hysterophorus L. compost on lettuce germination and growth,Afr. J. Agri. Res. 4 1325 -1330

Muzaffar S.,B.Ali,N.A.Wani, 2012.Effect of catechol, gallic acid and pyrogallic acid on the germination, seedling growth and the level of endogenous phenolics in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.),Pharm. Res. 1 50 -55

Nasira , J.,M.Ahmed, 2009.Possible allelopathic effects of three different weeds on germination and growth of maize (zea mays L.) cultivars, 41 1677 -1683

Nasira , J.,M.Ahmed,S.S.Shaukat,I.U.Slam, 2013.Allelopathic effects of weeds on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Germination and growth,Pak. J. Bot. 45 807 -811

Nasrine , S.,M.Salama,M., 2011.Allelopathic effect from some medicinal plants and their potential uses as control of weed,International Conference on Biology, Environment and Chemistry 15 -22

Putnam , A,C.S.Tang, 1986.The Science of Allelopathy, -

Raza , U.,A.Tanveer,A.Khaliq,S.Hussain, 2013.Comparative allelopathic potential of Fumaria indica L. and Polygonum plebejum L. against field crops,Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res 19 15 -29

Reinhardt , C.F.,R.Meissner,N.Labuschagne, 1994.Allelopathic interaction between Chenopodium album L. and certain crop species,S.Afr. J. Plant Soil 11 45 -49

Rice , E.L., 1984., -

Santos , B.M., 2009.Drip-applied metam potassium and herbicides as methyl bromide alternatives for Cyperus control in tomato, 28 68 -71

Shaukat , S.S. and I.A.,Siddiqui, 2001.Lantana camara in the soil changes the fungal Community structure and reduces impact of Meloidogyne javanica on Mungbean, 40 245 -252

Singh , H.P.,D.R.Batish,J.K.Pandher,R.K.Kohli, 2005.Phytotoxic effects of Parthenium hysterophorus residues on three Brassica species,Weed Biol. Manage. 5 105 -109

Tajuddin , Z.,S.S.Shaukat,I.ASiddiqui, 2002.Allelopathic potential of Solanum forskalii Dunal: A tropical weed,Pak. J. Biol. Sci. 5 866 -868

Tefera , T., 2002.Allelopathic effect of Parthenium hystrophorus extract on seed germination and seedling growth of Eragrostis tef,J. Agron. Crop Sci. 188 306 -310

Tukey , H.B.J., 1966.Leaching of metabolites from above ground plant parts and its implications,Bull. Torrey Bot 93 385 -401

Ullah , R.,A.Tanveer,A.Khaliq,S.Hussain, 2013.Comparative allelopathic potential of Fumaria indica L. and Polygonum plebejum L. against field crops,Pak. J. Weed Sci. Res 19 15 -29

Weston , L.A. and S.O.,Duke, 2003.Weed and crop allelopathy. Critical Review in Plant Sci, 22 367 -389