A case of xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis with fungal infection is described. The patient was a known case of nephrolithiasis and thalassemia. He had developed pyrexia of unknown origin since two years. On further workup he was found to have hepatomegaly, para-aortic lymphadenopathy, massive left kidney and advanced renal failure with deranged renal function tests. The patient underwent left nephrectomy with the provisional diagnosis of advanced renal failure secondary to nephrolithiasis or renal Koch`s. Histopathological examination revealed XGPN with numerous fungi present both in spore form and septate hyphae. Post operative recovery was un-eventful.