[1] MarraffiniLA,SontheimerEJ, 2010.CRISPR interference: RNAdirected adaptive immunity in bacteria and archaea,Nat Rev Genet 11 181 -90
[2] BrounsSJ,JoreMM,LundgrenM,WestraER,SlijkhuisRJ,SnijdersAP, 2008.,Small CRISPR RNAs Guide Antiviral Defense in Prokaryotes. Science 321 960 -4
[3] JinekM,ChylinskiK,FonfaraI,HauerM,DoudnaJA,CharpentierE., 2012.A programmable dual-RNA-guided DNA endonuclease in adaptive bacterial immunity,Science 337 816 -21
[4] MaliP,EsveltKM,ChurchGM, 2013.Cas9 as a versatile tool for engineering biology,Nat Methods 10 957 -63
[5] MakarovaKS,AravindL,WolfYI,KooninEV, 2011.Unification of Cas protein families and a simple scenario for the origin and evolution of CRISPR-Cas systems,Biol Direct 6 38 -
[6] JiangW,BikardD,CoxD,ZhangF,MarraffiniLA, 2013.RNAguided editing of bacterial genomes using CRISPR-Cas systems,Nat Biotechnol 31 233 -9
[7] ZhangF,WenY,GuoX., 2014.CRISPR/Cas9 for genome editing: progress, implications and challenges,Hum Mol Genet 23 R40 -6
[8] HsuPD,LanderES, 2014.Development and Applications of CRISPR-Cas9 for Genome Engineering,Cell 157 1262 -78
[9] European, 2017.-officeto-grant-uc-a-broad-patent-on-crispr-cas9/,[cited 2017 Mar 30 -
[10] BarrangouR,FremauxC,DeveauH,RichardsM,BoyavalP,MoineauS, 2007.,CRISPR Provides Acquired Resistance Against Viruses in Prokaryotes. Science 315 1709 -12
[11] Van der OostJ,WestraE,JacksonRN,WiedenheftB. Unravelling, 2014.the structural and mechanistic basis of CRISPRCas systems,Nat Rev Microbiol 12 479 -92
[12] HsuPD,ScottDA,WeinsteinJA,RanFA,KonermannS,AgarwalaV, 2013.DNA targeting specificity of RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases,Nat Biotechnol 31 827 -32
[13] CongL,RanFA,CoxD,LinS,BarrettoR,HabibN, 2013.Multiplex genome engineering using CRISPR/Cas systems,Science 339 819 -23
[14] GasiunasG,BarrangouR,HorvathP,SiksnysV, 2012.Cas9- crRNA ribonucleoprotein complex mediates specific DNA cleavage for adaptive immunity in bacteria,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109 E2579 -86
[15] NishimasuH,RanFA,HsuPD,KonermannS,ShehataSI,DohmaeN, 2014.Crystal structure of Cas9 in complex with guide RNA and target DNA,Cell 156 935 -49
[16] DavisL,MaizelsN., 2014.Homology-directed repair of DNA nicks via pathways distinct from canonical double-strand break repair,Proc Natl Acad Sci 111 E924 -32
[17] SanderJD,JoungJK, 2014.CRISPR-Cas systems for editing, regulating and targeting genomes,Nat Biotechnol 32 347 -55
[18] MladenovE,IliakisG, 2011.Induction and repair of DNA double strand breaks: the increasing spectrum of non-homologous end joining pathways,Mutat Res 711 61 -72
[19] DoudnaJA,CharpentierE., 2014.The new frontier of genome engineering with CRISPR-Cas9,Science 346 1258096 -
[20] JinekM,JiangF,TaylorD,SternbergS,KayaE, 2014.Structures of Cas9 Endonucleases Reveal RNA-Mediated Conformational Activation,Science 343 1247997 -
[21] AndersC,NiewoehnerO,DuerstA,JinekM., 2014.Structural basis of PAM-dependent target DNA recognition by the Cas9 endonuclease,Nature 513 569 -73
[22] SzczelkunM,TikhomirovaM,SinkunasT,GasiunasG,KarvelisT,PscheraP, 2014.Direct observation of R-loop formation by single RNA-guided Cas9 and Cascade effector complexes,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111 9798 -803
[23] LedfordH. Alternative, 2015.CRISPR system could improve genome editing,Nature 526 17 -
[24] LinY,CradickT,BrownM,DeshmukhH,RanjanP,SarodeN, 2014.CRISPR/Cas9 systems have off-target activity with insertions or deletions between target DNA and guide RNA sequences,Nucleic Acids Res 42 7473 -85
[25] RanFA,CongL,YanWX,ScottDA,GootenbergJS,KrizAJ, 2015.In vivo genome editing using Staphylococcus aureus Cas9,Nature 520 186 -91
[26] MaliP,AachJ,StrangesPB,EsveltKM,MoosburnerM,KosuriS, 2013.Cas9 transcriptional activators for target specificity screening and paired nickases for cooperative genome engineering,Nat Biotechnol 31 833 -8
[27] FuY,SanderJD,ReyonD,CascioVM,JoungJK, 2014.Improving CRISPR-Cas nuclease specificity using truncated guide RNAs,Nat Biotechnol 32 279 -84
[28] PattanayakV,LinS,GuilingerJP,MaE,DoudnaJA,LiuDR, 2013.High-throughput profiling of off-target DNA cleavage reveals RNA-programmed Cas9 nuclease specificity,Nat Biotechnol 31 839 -43
[29] TsaiSQ,WyvekensN,KhayterC,FodenJA,ThaparV,ReyonD, 2014.Dimeric CRISPR RNA-guided FokI nucleases for highly specific genome editing,Nat Biotechnol 32 569 -76
[30] MeiY,WangY,ChenH,SunZS,JuXD, 2016.Recent progress in CRISPR/Cas9 technology,J Genet Genomics 43 63 -75
[31] Bondy-DenomyJ,PawlukA,MaxwellKL,DavidsonAR, 2013.Bacteriophage genes that inactivate the CRISPR/Cas bacterial immune system,Nature 493 429 -32
[32] PawlukA,Bondy-DenomyJ,CheungVH,MaxwellKL,DavidsonA., 2014.A New Group of Phage Anti-CRISPR Genes Inhibits the Type I-E CRISPR-Cas System of Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Mbio 5 e00896 -
[33] Bondy-DenomyJ,GarciaB,StrumS,DuM,RollinsMF,Hidalog-ReyesY, 2015.Multiple mechanisms for CRISPRCas inhibition by anti-CRISPR proteins,Nature 526 136 -9
[34] WangJ,MaJ,ChengZ,MengX,YouL,WangM,ZhangX, 2016.A CRISPR evolutionary arms race: structural insights into viral anti-CRISPR/Cas responses,Cell Res 26 1165 -8
[35] DeveauH,BarrangouR,GarneauJE,LabonteJ,FremauxC,BoyavalP, 2008.Phage response to CRISPR-encoded resistance in Streptococcus thermophilus,J Bacteriol 190 1390 -1400
[36] SapranauskasR,GasiunasG,FremauxC,BarrangouR,HorvathP,SiksnysV, 2011.The Streptococcus thermophilus CRISPR/Cas system provides immunity in Escherichia coli,Nucleic Acids Res 39 9275 -82
[37] SemenovaE,JoreMM,DatsenkoKA,SemenovaA,WestraER,WannerB, 2011.Interference by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR) RNA is governed by a seed sequence,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108 10098 -103
[38] DatsenkoKA,PougachK,TikhonovA,WannerBL,SeverinovK,SemenovaE, 2012.Molecular memory of prior infections activates the CRISPR/Cas adaptive bacterial immunity system,Nat Commun 3 945 -
[39] RichterC,ChangJT,FineranPC, 2012.Function and regulation of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) / CRISPR Associated (Cas) systems,Viruses 4 2291 -311
[40] Beets R. GoverningCRISPR,EvaluatingEthics,-B-Final, 2016.,[cited 2017 Mar 17 -
[41] PellagattiA,DolatshadH,VallettaS,BoultwoodJ, 2015.Application of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing to the study and treatment of disease,Arch Toxicol 89 1023 -34
[42] SeruggiaD,MontoliuL., 2014.The new CRISPR-Cas system: RNA-guided genome engineering to efficiently produce any desired genetic alteration in animals,Transgenic Res 23 707 -16
[43] NekrasovV,StaskawiczB,WeigelD,JonesJD,KamounS., 2013.Targeted mutagenesis in the model plant Nicotiana benthamiana using Cas9 RNA-guided endonuclease,Nat Biotechnol 31 691 -3
[44] ShanQ,WangY,LiJ,ZhangY,ChenK,LiangZ, 2013.Targeted genome modification of crop plants using a CRISPR-Cas system,Nat Biotechnol 31 686 -8
[45] ZhangH,ZhangJ,WeiP,ZhangB,GouF,FengZ, 2014.The CRISPR/Cas9 system produces specific and homozygous targeted gene editing in rice in one generation,Plant Biotechnol J 12 797 -807
[46] WangY,ChengX,ShanQ,ZhangY,LiuJ,GaoC, 2014.Simultaneous editing of three homoeoalleles in hexaploid bread wheat confers heritable resistance to powdery mildew,Nat Biotechnol 32 947 -51
[47] JiangW,ZhouH,BiH,FrommM,YangB,WeeksDP, 2013.Demonstration of CRISPR/Cas9/sgRNA-mediated targeted gene modification in Arabidopsis, tobacco, sorghum and rice,Nucleic Acids Res 41 e188 -
[48] AliZ,Abul-farajA,LiL,GhoshN,PiatekM,MahjoubA, 2015.Efficient Virus-Mediated Genome Editing in Plants Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System,Mol Plant 8 1288 -91
[49] AliZ,AbulfarajA,IdrisA,AliS,TashkandiM,MahfouzMM, 2015.CRISPR/Cas9 mediated viral interference in plants,Genome Biol 16 238 -
[50] ChandrasekaranJ,BruminM,WolfD,LeibmanD,KlapC,PearlsmanM., 2016.Development of broad virus resistance in non-transgenic cucumber using CRISPR/Cas9 technology,Mol Plant Pathol 17 1140 -53
[51] BorelB. CRISPR, 2017.microbes and more are joining the war against crop killers,Nature 543 302 -4
[52] SamantaMK,DeyA,GayenS., 2016.CRISPR/Cas9: an advanced tool for editing plant genomes,Transgenic Res 25 561 -73
[53] FengZ,MaoY,XuN,ZhangB,WeiP,YangDL, 2014.Multigeneration analysis reveals the inheritance, specificity, and patterns of CRISPR/Cas-induced gene modifications in Arabidopsis,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111 4632 -7
[54] XieK,YangY., 2013.RNA-guided genome editing in plants using a CRISPR-Cas system,Mol Plant 6 1975 -83
[55] ZhouH,LiuB,WeeksDP,SpaldingMH,YangB, 2014.Large chromosomal deletions and heritable small genetic changes induced by CRISPR/Cas9 in rice,Nucleic Acids Res 42 10903 -14
[56] RonM,KajalaK,PauluzziG,WangD,ReynosoMA,ZumsteinK, 2014.function using tomato as a model,Plant Physiol 166 455 -69
[57] BrooksC,NekrasovV,LippmanZB,Van Eck, 2014.Efficient gene editing in tomato in the first generation using the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated9 system,Plant Physiol 166 1292 -7
[58] GaoY,ZhaoY, 2014.Specific and heritable gene editing in Arabidopsis,Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111 4357 -8
[59] UetaR,AbeC,WatanabeT,SuganoSS,IshiharaR,EzuraH, 2017.Rapid breeding of parthenocarpic tomato plants using CRISPR/Cas9,Sci Rep 7 507 -
[60] JacobsTB,LaFayetteRJ,SchmitzRJ,ParrottWA, 2015.Targeted genome modifications in soybean with CRISPR/Cas9,BMC Biotechnol 15 16 -
[61] GoodinMM,ZaitlinD,NaiduRA,LommelSA, 2008.Nicotiana benthamiana: its history and future as a model for plantpathogen interactions,Mol Plant Microbe Interact 21 1015 -26
[62] Voytas DF, 2013.Plant genome engineering with sequence-specific nucleases,Annu Rev Plant Biol 64 327 -50
[63] SuganoSS,ShirakawaM,TakagiJ,MatsudaT,ShimadaT,Hara-NishimuraI, 2014.CRISPR/Cas9 mediated targeted mutagenesis in the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L,Plant Cell Physiol 55 475 -81
[64] JiangW,YangB,WeeksDP, 2014.Efficient CRISPR/Cas9- mediated gene editing in Arabidopsis thaliana and inheritance of modified genes in the T2 and T3 generations,PLoS One 9 e99225 -
[65] HeintzeJ,LuftC,Ketteler R, 2013.A CRISPR CASe for highthroughput silencing,Front Genet 4 193 -
[66] BortesiL,Fischer R. TheCRISPR, 2015.Cas9 system for plant genome editing and beyond,Biotechnol Adv 33 41 -52
[67] RamalingamS,AnnaluruN,ChandrasegaranS., 2013.A CRISPR way to engineer the human genome,Genome Biol 14 107 -
[68] BarrangouR,BirminghamA,WiemannS,BeijersbergenRL,HornungV,Smith Av, 2015.Advances in CRISPR-Cas9 genome engineering: lessons learned from RNA interference,Nucleic Acids Res 43 3407 -19
[69] CoxDB,PlattRJ, 2015.Therapeutic genome editing: prospects and challenges,Nat Med 21 121 -31
[70] LaFountaineJS,FatheK,SmythHD, 2015.Delivery and therapeutic applications of gene editing technologies ZFNs, TALENs,CRISPR/Cas9. Int J Pharm 494 180 -94
[71] Xiao-JieL,Hui-YingX,Zun-PingK,Jin-LianC,Li-JuanJ, 2015.CRISPR-Cas9: a new and promising player in gene therapy,J Med Genet 52 289 -96
[72] ArakiM,IshiiT., 2016.Providing appropriate risk information on genome editing for patients,Trends Biotechnol 34 86 -90
[73] YoonJ., 2016./theimperative-need-to-consider-the-bioethics-of-crispr-cas9- technology/,[cited 2017 Mar 30 -