a study on inhabitant microorganisms isolated from wastewater irrigated soils of karachi, Pakistan | [Pakistan Journal of Botany • 2024]

Author(s):

1. PARAS SHAH: A.G. Lab of Aerobiology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus,Karachi ,Pakistan

2. MUHAMMAD ABID: A.G. Lab of Aerobiology and Plant Pathology, Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus,Karachi ,Pakistan

3. NOUREEN BASHEER: Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus,Karachi ,Pakistan

4. UZMA SITARA: Food Quality and Safety Research Institute, Southern Zone Agriculture Research Centre,Karachi,Pakistan

5. KOUSAR YASMEEN: Department of Chemistry, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus,Karachi ,Pakistan

6. ABDUL HAKEEM SHAIKH: Department of Botany, Federal Urdu University of Arts, Science and Technology, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Campus,Karachi-75300,Pakistan

7. NUSRAT JABEEN: Department of Microbiology, University of Karachi,Karachi,Pakistan

8. MUHAMMAD WASEEM ABBASI: Department of Botany, University of Karachi,Karachi,Pakistan

9. ASMA HANIF: Department of Botany, University of Karachi,Karachi,Pakistan

Abstract:

Increasing population and urbanization results in greater production of wastewaters through industrial, commercial, domestic or agricultural activities. Discharges of these resources contain several elements including nutrients and heavy metals. Therefore, utilization of wastewater for crop irrigation alters the soil property of agricultural land by accumulating nutrients and heavy metals. Present study revealed the occurrence of elements and the existence of microorganisms in wastewater irrigated soils of two different locations adjacent to the Malir river and Lyari river. MWIS (Malir wastewater irrigated soil) and LWIS (Lyari wastewater irrigated soil) contained a greater amount of organic matter (3.13 ± 0.10 %, 3.10 ± 0.10 %) as compared to NWIS (normal water irrigated soil). Physicochemical measures such as EC (1774 ± 5.49 µS/cm), salinity (0.89 ± 0.02 %) and TDS (887 ± 5.19 ppm) and heavy metals like iron (29.02 ± 1.72 ppm), copper (0.36 ± 0.02ppm), lead (0.82 ± 0.02 ppm) and nickel (0.94 ± 0.01 ppm) were recorded higher in LWIS as compared to MWIS and NWIS. However, EC (425 ± 1.45 µS/cm) and TDS (213 ± 1.73 ppm) were found lowest in MWIS than LWIS in contrast to NWIS. Nutrients like nitrogen, potassium and heavy metal such as cadmium were approximately equal in all tested soil samples. Numerous fungal species have been sequestered from wastewater irrigated soils in which thirteen genera and twenty-seven species of fungi were isolated. Out of all fungal species, Aspergillus flavus, Curvularia intermedia, Fusarium solani and Rhizopus sp. were found dominant (6.67×103 cfu/g soil) in MWIS, while LWIS comprised the highest cfu (1 ×104 cfu/g soil) of Trichoderma viride and A. parasiticus. In addition, bacterial species like Ralstonia pickettii was found superior in MWIS with 3.24×107cfu/g soil. Whereas, five different strains of Acinetobacter lwoffii / jansani were isolated from LWIS along with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4×105 cfu/g soil) and Shigella dysenteriae (1×105 cfu/g soil). The current study revealed the existence of microorganisms in different qualities of soils having complex nature that were irrigated by wastewater. It was evaluated that sequestered fungal and bacterial species were able to tolerate the complex nature of wastewater irrigated soils that have an adequate environment for the survival of fungi and bacteria.

Page(s): 2465-2472

DOI: 10.30848/PJB2024-6(5)

Published: Journal: Pakistan Journal of Botany, Volume: 56, Issue: 6, Year: 2024

Keywords:

Heavy metals , Bacteria , Fungi , Nutrients , Bacteria , Heavy metals , Wastewater irrigated soils , Physicochemical measures

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