Tumor suppressor genes involved in human breast cancer and its applications. An approach to best predicted markers | [Rawal Medical Journal • 2024]

Author(s):

1. Saba Munir: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Pakistan

2. Yasir Nawaz: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Pakistan

3. Fouzia Tanvir: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Pakistan

4. Asma Umar: Department of Pathology, Allama Iqbal Medical College, Lahore, Pakistan

5. Muhammad Luqman: Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Pakistan

6. Sadaf Ambreen: Department of Bioinformatics, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Okara, Pakistan

Abstract:

One-third of females experience breast cancer in their lifetime. An increase in gene variations amplifies the likelihood of developing breast cancer. While most cases of breast cancer are sporadic, a significant portion is due to hereditary predisposition. Tumor suppressor genes function in suppressing tumor formation, whereas oncogenes, responsible for gene mutations, contribute to cancer development. Three pathways, including estrogen receptors (ER), Human Epidermal Growth Factor 2 (HER2) signalling, and recognized Wnt signalling, direct the growth of mammary glands and breast cancer stem cells, serving as reliable predictors for breast cancer. Tumor suppressor genes such as TP53 and the PIK3 gene playa vital role in tumor suppression. TP53 mutations are an early event in breast cancer development, and they are associated with a poor prognosis and resistance to chemotherapy. In the treatment of ER-positive breast cancer patients with PIK3CA mutations, PI3K andPIK3 inhibitors, along with AKT inhibitors, are currently being employed

Page(s): 1-4

DOI: DOI not available

Published: Journal: Rawal Medical Journal, Volume: 49, Issue: 1, Year: 2024

Keywords:

Breast cancer , genes , mutations , tumor suppressor gene , Estrogen Receptors , Progesterone Receptors

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