Abstract:
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a significant vector-borne parasitic disease that poses a major public health concern in the northern regions of Pakistan. This study aimed to analyze the prevalence trends of CL over eleven years (2008-2018) in Dir Lower district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). A retrospective analysis was conducted using medical records of 7,729 registered patients diagnosed with CL. The findings revealed a high prevalence of CL, with 92.37% of cases occurring among the local population. A gradual increase in the number of cases was observed, peaking in 2018. Demographic analysis indicated that CL was more prevalent in males (68.11%) compared to females (31.89%). Age-wise distribution showed that the highest incidence was recorded in the 11-20-yearage group, suggesting greater exposure and susceptibility in this demographic. Anatomical distribution of lesions revealed that the majority were located on the nose (23.35%), while fewer cases were reported on covered body parts, highlighting the role of exposed skin in disease transmission. Furthermore, an association was found between residential conditions and CL prevalence. Individuals living in kaccha (mud) houses had a higher infection rate (26.42%)compared to those in concrete houses. Additionally, proximity to domesticated animals was a significant risk factor, with 64.3% of infected individuals residing near livestock. These findings suggest that poor housing conditions and close contact with potential animal reservoirs contribute to the persistence of CL in the region. To effectively control the spread of CL, targeted public health interventions are necessary. Community awareness programs should emphasize the risks of CL, its modes of transmission, and preventive measures. The regular use of insecticide-treated bed nets, protective clothing, and improved housing structures should be encouraged to minimize exposure to sand fly vectors. Additionally, early diagnosis and prompt treatment are crucial for reducing disease burden and preventing complications.
Page(s):
67-67
DOI:
DOI not available
Published:
Journal: 1st International Conference on "Recent Advances in Green Biotechnology and Climate Resilience", September 15-16, 2025, Volume: 1, Issue: 1, Year: 2025
Keywords:
Risk Factors
,
Epidemiology
,
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
,
Cutaneous leishmaniasis
,
Vector Control
,
Prevalence trends