Unveiling the Impact of E-Governance on the Transformation from Digital to Smart Bangladesh | [Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences • 2025]

Author(s):

1. Md. Deluar Hossen: International American University,Los Angeles Main Campus, Los Angeles, California,United States

2. Md Zainal Abedin: Department of Business Administration, Z.H Sikder University of Science and Technology,Bhederganj, Shariatpur,Bangladesh

3. Tahsina Meher Chowdhury: Mercantile Bank Limited,Gulshan Branch; Gulshan Ave, Dhaka 1212, Dhaka,Bangladesh

4. Zahidul Islam: Department of Business Administration, Z.H Sikder University of Science and Technology,Bhederganj, Shariatpur,Bangladesh

5. Md. Rishad Kabir: Department of Marketing, Begum Rokeya University,Rangpur, Rangpur-5404, Rangpur,Bangladesh

Abstract:

E-governance has become as a crucial dimension of contemporary public administration in delivering government services to citizens electronically with the aid of information and communication technology. It also increases the efficiency of the management, by improving the citizens’ democracy and participation regarding other impactful topics in governance. By adopting a systematic review approach, the researcher utilizes secondary data from more than 150 available sources, comprising literature, policy documents, case studies, and other relevant literature. In this report 70 research papers published between the years 2015 and 2024 were used to provide updated information to the readers. The researchers analyzed the current status, prospects, and challenges of e-governance in Bangladesh under the vision of ‘Digital Bangladesh’. E-governance intends to form a technically progressive nation with technologically effective, efficient, and social economic services providing transparency of process with the help of ICT integration. The research findings reveal that obstacles like the digital divide, infrastructure gaps, digital literacy, data privacy, resistance to change, and regulatory constraints deter the implementation of e-governance. However, this paper contributes to the existing literature with the identification of how e-governance should be governed for the sake of development in Bangladesh. The analysis calls for many comprehensive policy reforms, enhanced cyber security measures, capacity building, and bridging of the digital divide. It will then be much easier to realize the dream of a fully digital Bangladesh and facilitate economic growth, innovations, and the improvement of public service delivery.

Page(s): 85-108

DOI: 10.57239/PJLSS-2025-23.1.009

Published: Journal: Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, Volume: 23, Issue: 1, Year: 2025

Keywords:

EGovernance Digital Bangladesh Smart Bangladesh Opportunities Challenges SocioEconomic Impact Systematic Review

References:

[1] .2016 .(2022) Smart Bangladesh Vision. Prime Minister's Office, : .

[2] Ahmed T.,Hasan N.,Akter R. .2023 .Journey to Smart Bangladesh: Realities and Challenges. International Journal of Qualitative Research, 3(2) : 980-187.

[3] Akhter S.,Ahmed T. .2022 .Union Digital Centres of TrishalUpazila: How Far Entrepreneur‖s Financial Competency Is? Social Science Review. , 10(1) : 56528-156.

[4] Alam M. J.,Reza S. A.,Ogawa K.,Ahsan A. H. M. .2024 .Sustainable employment for vocational education and training graduates: the case of future skills matching in Bangladesh.. , : .

[5] Alam S.,- S.,challenges- S.,- S. .2019 .-. The Financial Express, 05 : .

[6] . .. , : 397415.

[7] Andrews D.,Nicoletti G.,Timiliotis C. .2018 .Digital technology diffusion: A matter of capabilities, incentives or both?. , : .

[8] Apostol D.,Bălăceanu C.,Constantinescu E. M. .2015 .Smart Economy Concept-Facts and Perspectives. HOLISTICA Journal of Business and Public Administration, 6(3) : 67-77.

[9] Arefin S.,Rahman M. T. .2020 .Information communication technology (ICT) enable services adoption by SMEs for business sustainability: A study from Bangladesh perspective. Sumedha Journal of Management, 9(3) : 10-21.

[10] Ashraf M.,Ullah L.,Shuvro M. A.,Salma U. .2019 .Transition from millennium development goals (MDGs) to sustainable development goals (SDGs): blueprint of Bangladesh for implementing the sustainable development goals (SDGs) 2030. , 31(1) : 46-59.

[11] Avianto B. N.,Ismowati M.,Amelia N. .2022 .Implementation E-Government in supporting of online-based Service Quality and Accessibility. Journal Research of Social Science, Economics, and Management/Journal Research of Social Science, Economics and Management, 2(05) : 317.

[12] Aziz A. .2020 .Digital inclusion challenges in Bangladesh: The case of the National ICT Policy. , 28(3) : 304-319.

[13] .2024 .-of-householdsin-bangladesh-with Access on. , 06 : .

[14] Bhuiyan S. H. .2010 .Modernizing Bangladesh public administration through e-governance: Benefits and challenges. Government Information Quarterly, 04(1) : 54-65.

[15] BIDA- Bangladesh Investment Development Authority .2024 .One of the world's fastest-growing economies. , 06 : .

[16] Budhai D.,Proag V. .2015 .Converting Mauritius into a smart country. The Journal of the Institution of Engineers in Mauritius., : .

[17] Castro C.,Lopes C. .2022 .Digital government and sustainable development. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13(2) : 880-903.

[18] Chowdhury S.,Hossain N. .2013 .International study on the situation of ICT, innovation, and Knowledge in cities. Conaissance (CVNC), : .

[19] CRI. ,in- .2021 .-havebangladesh-crossed-. , 05 : .

[20] Dabić M.,Vlačić B.,Paul B.,Dana L. P.,Sahasranamam S.,Glinka B. .2020 .Immigrant entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda. Journal of Business Research, 113 : 25-38.

[21] Dash S.,Pani S. K. .2016 .E-Governance paradigm using cloud infrastructure: Benefits and challenges. Procedia Computer Science, 05 : 843-855.

[22] Derindag O. F.,Canakci M.,Tsarev R. .2019 .Information and communication technologies in e-commerce and e-governance. IOP Publishing.DOI 10, 3 : 1742.

[23] Elgohary E.,Abdelazyz R. .2020 .The impact of employees' resistance to change on implementinge- government systems: An empirical study in Egypt. ˜ the oe. Electronic Journal on Information Systems in Developing Countries, 86(6) : .

[24] Firmandayu N.,Elfaki K. E. .2023 .The Electronic Government Policy-Based Green Constitution Towards Good Governance. Journal of Sustainable Development and Regulatory Issues, 1(2) : 11-121.

[25] Genilo J.,Akther M.,Islam M. S. .2009 .Narratives on digital Bangladesh: Shared meanings, shared concerns. In Shared Concerns (December, 7 : .

[26] Habib A.,Faysal M. M. R. .2009 .Paperless office: First step to digital Bangladesh. In Proceedings of the 3rd international conference on Theory and practice of electronic governance, : 400-401.

[27] Hasan M. M.,Loucopoulos P.,Anagnostopoulos D.,Nikolaidou M. .2015 .Regulatory requirements compliance in e-Government service development. , : .

[28] Hoque M. R.,Sorwar G. .2015 .ICT based e- government services for rural development: a study of Union Information and Service Center (UISC) in Bangladesh. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 71(1) : 4835-19.

[29] Hossain M. N.,Alam R. M. K.,Musaddique M. H. M. .2021 .Digital Bangladesh, a transformation for sustainable development. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 8 : 79-82.

[30] Hossain M.,Wahedur Rahman,R. Rahman .2022 .The Impact of COVID-19 on the Education of Primary and Secondary School Children in Bangladesh (Scoping Paper). BRAC Institute of Governance and Development (BIGD), : .

[31] Husain S. S.,Tinker H. R. .2020 .. , : .

[32] Ibrahimy M. M.,Virkus S.,Norta A. .2023 .The role of e-government in reducing corruption and enhancing transparency in the Afghan public sector: a case study. -2022-0135, 17(3) : 459-472.

[33] Global. ,- .2022 .-smart-citizen-. , 06 : .

[34] Islam M. N.,Hossain M. A.,Islam M. K.,Aziz M. T. B.,Engagement Citizen .2023 .E-Governance Challenges and Opportunities for Improving Public Service Delivery. The European Proceedings of Social &Behavioural Sciences, 11 : .

[35] Ismail E.,Alariqi A. A.,Jawid A.,Wall J.,Abdulrab M. .2022 .Legal Barriers to E-Gov Implementation in Afghanistan. IEEE Access, 10 : 13800-13812.

[36] M R. K .2015 .E-Government in Service Delivery and Citizen's Satisfaction: A Case Study on Public Sectors in Bangladesh. International Journal of Managing PublicSector Information and Communication Technologies, 6(2) : 49-60.

[37] Mahajan N. .2015 .E-governance: its role, importance and challenges. International Journal of Current Innovation Research, 1(10) : 237-243.

[38] Mduwile P.,Goswami D. .2024 .Components of a Quality Education: A literature review. ASIAN: Indonesian Journal of Learning Development and Innovation, 2(1) : 120-130.

[39] Ministry of Education (MoE) Bangladesh .2021 .. , : .

[40] - ,- .2024 .. Ministry of Finance, : .

[41] Mirza M. .2022 .Are mega projects inherently undemocratic? Field narratives from mega projects sites in Bangladesh. Masks of Authoritarianism: Hegemony, Power. , 209 : 14.

[42] Pal S. K.,Sarker P. C. .2023 .SMART Bangladesh vision 2041: concept of a sustainable developed country. Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 12(1) : 20666-81.

[43] DifferenceandImplications.BishleshonEnglish . .engli sh/digital- Bangladesh-vs-smart-Bangladesh-understanding-the-difference-andimplications Access on. , 06 : .

[44] Pangaribuan A. A. .2019 .The Challenges of E-government Implementation in Developing Countries. Jurnal of Public Administration Studies./Jurnal of Public Administration Studies, 004(1) : .

[45] Rahman A.,Kabir A. .2023 .Road to Smart Bangladesh. , : 3227.

[46] . .. , 06 : .

[47] Sarker S. P. K.,Khan R. Z. .2024 .Cybersecurity Considerations for Smart Bangladesh: Challenges and Solutions. Asian Journal of Research in Computer Science, 17(6) : 145-156.

[48] Shayery A. J.,Zayed N. M.,Islam K. M. A.,Hossain M. F.,Nitsenko V. S.,Imran M. A. .2022 .THE IMPACT OF INTERNATIONALIZATION TO IMPROVE AND ENSURE QUALITY EDUCATION: A CASE STUDY OF DAFFODIL INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY (BANGLADESH). Scientific Bulletin of National, 6 : .

[49] Siddiquee M.S.H.,Faruk A.,Matin I. .2022 .Social Protection During Covid Times: Research for Building Forward Better | socialprotection. BRAC Institute of Governance & Development, : .

[50] Singh A. .2023 .Developing an e-governance model for citizen centric administration. Vidya: A Journal of Gujarat University, 2(1) : 130-30.

[51] Citizen Smart .2022 .CITIES AND GOVERNMENTS. , : .

[52] Sohel M. S.,Sifullah M. K.,Hossain B.,Hossain M. A.,Sarker M. F. H.,Hossain I.,Uddin M. R. .2024 .E-learning experience of indigenous rural communities in the face of COVID-19 crisis in Chittagong hills tracts region, Bangladesh: a qualitative investigation. International Journal of Community Well-Being, : 1-24.

[53] Talukdar Z. .2024 .. Smart Bangladesh (May, 23 : .

[54] Uddin G. .2012 .E-Governance of Bangladesh: Present scenario, expectation, ultimate target and recommendation. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 3(11) : 1-20.

[55] Faraji M. R.,Shikder F.,Hasan M. H.,Islam M. M.,Akter U. K. .2024 .Examining the Role of Artificial Intelligence in Cyber Security (CS): A Systematic Review for Preventing Prospective Solutions in Financial Transactions. International Journal, 5(10) : 4766-4782.

[56] Akter M. S.,Bhuiyan M. R. I.,Tabassum S.,Alam S. A.,Milon M. N. U.,Hoque M. R. .2023 .. , : .

[57] Alam S. A.,Bhuiyan M. R. I.,Tabassum S.,Islam M. T. .2022 .Factors affecting users' intention to use social networking sites: A mediating role of social networking satisfaction. Can. J. Bus. Inf. Stud, 4(5) : 112-124.

[58] Bhuiyan M. R. I. .2017 .UNDP-a2i: Citizens' Awareness Survey on E-Service and Service Simplification through the Digital Innovation Fair. , : .

[59] Milon M. N. U.,Zafarullah H.,Poli T. A. .2024 .ahead-ofprint No. ahead-of-print. Journal of Money Laundering Control, : .

[60] Bhuiyan M. R. I. .2019 .An Analysis of Non-Performing Loan of Janata Bank from the Perspective of Bangladesh. , : .

[61] Bhuiyan M. R. I. .2023 .The Challenges and Opportunities of Post-COVID Situation for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. PMIS Review, 2(1) : 14-159.

[62] Bhuiyan M. R. I.,Islam M. T.,Alam S. A.,Sumon N. S. .2023 .Identifying Passengers Satisfaction in Transportation Quality: An Empirical Study in Bangladesh. PMIS Review, 2(1) : 27-46.

[63] Bhuiyan M. R. I.,Uddin K. S.,Milon M. N. U. .2023 .Prospective Areas of Digital Economy: An Empirical Study in Bangladesh. doi: 10.20944/preprints202307.1652.v1, : .

[64] Bhuiyan M. R. I.,Uddin K. S.,Milon M. N. U. .2023 .Prospective Areas of Digital Economy in the Context of ICT Usages: An Empirical Study in Bangladesh. FinTech, 2(3) : 641-656.

[65] Akter M. S.,Bhuiyan M. R. I.,Poli T. A.,Hossain R. .2023 .Web-based Banking Services on ECustomer Satisfaction in Private Banking Sectors: A Cross-Sectional Study in Developing Economy. Migration Letters, 20(S3) : 3976-911.

[66] Uddin M. M. M. .2015 .Causal relationship between agriculture, industry and services sector for GDP growth in Bangladesh: An econometric investigation. Journal of Poverty, Investment Development, 8 : .

[67] Zhao F.,Wallis J.,Singh M. .2015 .E-government development and the digital economy: a reciprocal relationship. Internet Research, 25(5) : 734-766.

[68] Islam M. A.,Bhuiyan M. R. I. .2022 .Digital Transformation and Society. , : .

[69] Islam Z.,Bhuiyan M. R. I.,Poli T. A.,Hossain R.,Mani L. .2024 .Gravitating towards Internet of Things: Prospective Applications, Challenges, and Solutions of Using IoT. International Journal of Religion, 5(2) : 436-451.

[70] Kaium M. A.,Nuery N.,Ghosh P. .2019 .BARISHAL UNIVERSITY JOURNAL (PART-3) A JOURNAL OF BUSINESS STUDIES. , 1719398694 : 61.

[71] Bhuiyan M. R.,Akter M. .2024 .Assessing the Potential Usages of Blockchain to Transform Smart Bangladesh: A PRISMA Based Systematic Review. Journal of Information Systems and Informatics, 6(1) : 659-269.

[72] Rahman M. M.,Bhuiyan M. R.,Alam S. M. .2024 .The Empirical Study on the Impact of the COVID-19 on Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in Bangladesh. Journal of Information Systems and Informatics, 6(1) : 686-547.

[73] Bhuiyan M. R. I.,Ullah M. W.,Ahmed S.,Bhuyan M. K.,Sultana T. .2024 .Information Security for An Information Society for Accessing Secured Information: A PRISMA Based Systematic Review. International Journal of Religion, 5(11) : 932-946.

[74] Milon M. N. U. .2024 .Gravitating towards Artificial Intelligence on Anti-Money Laundering A PRISMA Based Systematic Review. International Journal of Religion, 5(7) : 303-315.

[75] Kabir M. R.,Hossain R.,Rahman M. M.,Sawon M. M. H.,Mani L. .2024 .Impact of E-Marketing on Book Purchase Tendencies: An Empirical Study on University Undergraduate Students. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(3) : 3388-631.

[76] Poli T. A.,Sawon M. M. H.,Mia M. N.,Ali W.,Rahman M.,Hossain R.,Mani L. .2024 .Tourism And Climate Change: Mitigation And Adaptation Strategies In A Hospitality Industry In Bangladesh. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5) : 3798-7330.

[77] HOSSAIN R.,AL-AMIN L. I. S. A.,ISLAM M. M.,POLI T. A.,MILON M. N. U. .2024 .Exploring the Effectiveness of Social Media on Tourism Destination Marketing: An Empirical Study in a Developing Country. WSEAS TRANSACTIONS on BUSINESS and ECONOMICS, 21 : 1392-1408.

[78] Masum M. Y.,Mia M. N.,Islam M. S.,Ahmed G. S.,Milon M. N. U.,Hossain R. .2024 .Poverty Alleviation Through Tourism Development In Bangladesh: Theoretical Perspectives And Empirical Evidence. Educational Administration: Theory and Practice, 30(5) : 4045-10064.

[79] Bhuiyan M. R. I. .2024 .Examining the digital transformation and digital entrepreneurship: A PRISMA based systematic review. -22.1.0077, 22(1) : 1136-1150.

[80] Rahman M. M.,Faraji M. R.,Islam M. M.,Khatun M.,Uddin S.,Hasan M. H. .2024 .Gravitating towards Information Society for Information Security in Information Systems: A Systematic PRISMA Based Review. -22.1.0089, 22(1) : .

[81] Hossen M. D. .2024 .What Factors Influence the Increasing Dependency on Mobile Banking in Bangladesh? A Quantitative Study in Bangladesh. International Journal of Religion, 5(11) : 4821-4837.

[82] Bhuiyan M. R. I.,Faraji M. R.,Rashid M.,Bhuyan M. K.,Hossain R.,Ghose P. .2024 .Digital Transformation in SMEs Emerging Technological Tools and Technologies for Enhancing the SME's Strategies and Outcomes. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(4) : 3594-224.

[83] Priom M. A. I.,Mudra S. L.,Ghose P.,Islam K. R.,Hasan M. N. .2024 .Blockchain Applications in Accounting and Auditing: Research Trends. International Journal of Economics, Business and Management Research, 8(7) : 225-247.

[84] Bhuiyan M. R. I.,Hossain R.,Rashid M.,Islam M. M.,Mani L.,Milon M. N. U. .2024 .Gravitating the components, technologies, challenges, and government transforming strategies for a Smart Bangladesh: A PRISMA-based review. Journal of Governance & Regulation, 13(3) : 177-188.

[85] UDDIN K. S.,HAMID M. R. I.,M. M. R. I. .2024 .Perception towards the Acceptance of Digital Health Services among the People of Bangladesh. WSEAS Transactions on Business and Economics, 21 : 1557-1570.

[86] Yumame J. .2024 .Challenges and opportunities of e-government in strengthening the transparency and accountability of the government. International journal of society reviews, 2(5) : 1335-1344.

[87] Khanom K.,Islam M. T.,Hasan A. A. T.,Sumon S. M.,Bhuiyan M. R. I. .2022 .Worker Satisfaction in Health, Hygiene and Safety Measures Undertaken by the Readymade Garments Industry of Bangladesh: A Case Study on Gazipur. Journal of Business Studies Pabna University of Science and Technology ISSN 2410-8170, 3(1) : 93-105.

[88] Mani L. .2019 .An Analysis of loan portfolio of Janata Bank Limited. , : .

[89] Poli T. A. .2024 .Mediating Role of Entrepreneurship Capability in Sustainable Performance and Women Entrepreneurship: An Evidence from a Developing Country. Journal of Ecohumanism, 3(3) : 3553-2019.

[90] Molla C.,Mani L.,Bhuiyan M. R. I.,Hossain R. .2023 .Examining the Potential Usages, Features, and Challenges of Using ChatGPT Technology: A PRISMA-Based Systematic Review. Migration Letters, 20(S9) : 4918-945.

[91] Van Schendel W. .2020 .A history of Bangladesh. , : .

[92] Anthopoulos L. G.,Reddick C. G. .2016 .Smart city and smart government: Synonymous or complementary?. In Proceedings of the 25th International Conference, : .

[93] - .2022 .. , : .

[94] von Lucke J. .2015 .Smart Government: Wieuns die intelligenteVernetzungzumLeitbild" Verwaltung 4.0" und einem smarten Regierungs-und Verwaltungshandelnführt: Whitepaper. Companion on World Wide Web, : 351-355.

Citations

Downloads

Views