[1] Addi A.,Kelbessa E.,Soromessa T.,Gallmann B.,Belayhun L.,Campos M.G. .2017 .Proximate composition and antioxidant power of bee collected pollen from moist Afromontan forests in southwest Ethiopia. Agricultural Science Research Journal, 7 : 83-95.
[2] Aldgini H.M.M.,Al-Abbadi A.A.,Abu-Nameh E.S.M.,Alghazeer R.O. .2019 .Determination of metals as bio indicators in some selected bee pollen samples from Jordan. Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 26 : 1418-1422.
[3] Ahmida S.,Elwerfali A.,Agha M.,Elagori N.H.,Ahmida N.H. .2013 .Physicochemical, heavy metals and phenolic compounds analysis of Libyan honey samples collected from Benghazi during 2009-2010. , 4 : 33-40.
[4] Al-Kahtani S.N.,E.-K.A. Taha S.N. .2020 .Seasonal variations in nutritional composition of honeybee pollen loads. Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society, 93 : 105-112.
[5] Al-Kahtani S.N.,E.-K.A. Taha S.N. .2021 .Effect of comb age on cell measurements and worker body size. PLOS ONE16: e 0260865., : .
[6] Altunatamaz S.,Tarhan D.,Aksu F.,Barutcu B.,OR M. .2017 .Mineral element and heavy metal (cadmium, lead and arsenic) levels of bee pollen in Turkey. Food Science and Technology, 37 : 136-141.
[7] Bayir H.,Aygun A. .2022 .Heavy metal in honey bees, honey, and pollen produced in rural and urban areas of Konya province in Turkey. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 29 : 74569-74578.
[8] Bogdanov S.,Imdorf A.,Charriere J.,Fluri P.,Kilchenmann V. .2003 .The contaminants of the bee colony. , 12 : .
[9] Bogdanov S.,Haldimann M.,Luginbühl W.,Gallmann P. .2007 .Minerals in honey, environmental, geographical and botanical aspects. Journal of Apicultural Research, 46 : 269-275.
[10] Bujang J.S.,Zakaria M.H.,Ramaiya S.D. .2021 .Chemical constituents and phytochemical properties of floral maize pollen. PLos One, 16 : e0247327.
[11] Ćirić J.,Spirić D.,Baltić T.,Lazić B.,Trbbović D.,Parunović N.,Petronijević R.,Đorđević V. .2021 .Honey bees and their products as indicators of environmental element deposition. Biological Trace Element Research, 199 : 2312-2319.
[12] Cunningham M.M.,Tran L.,C.G. McKee L.,Polo R.O.,Newman T.,Lansing L.,Griffiths J.S.,Bilodeau G.J.,Rott and M.M. Guarna M. .2022 .Honey bees as biomonitors of environmental contaminants, pathogens, and climate change. Ecological Indicators, 134 : 108457.
[13] Fiore Di,C. Di,Nuzzo A.,Torino V.,A. De Cristofaro S.,Passarella S. Di,Giorgi P.,Avino P. .2022 .Honey bees as bioindicators of heavy metal pollution in urban and rural areas in the south of Italy. Atmosphere, 13 : 624.
[14] Dima G.,Dinu S.,Niţescu O.,Ştirbescu R. .2012 .Heavy metals in pollen samples collected from the Dambovita county analysed by EDXRF method. Romanian Journal of Physics, 57 : 1411-1416.
[15] Eissa F.,Taha E.-K.A. .2023 .Contaminants in honey: an analysis of EU RASFF notifications from 2002 to 2022. Journal of Consumer Protection and Food Safety, 18 : 393-402.
[16] Erdoğan A.,Şeker M.E.,Kahraman D. .2023 .Evaluation of environmental and nutritional aspects of bee pollen samples collected from east black sea region, Turkey, via elemental analysis by ICP-MS. Biological Trace Element Research, 201 : 1488-1502.
[17] Fakhimzadeh K. .2000 .Honey, pollen and bees as indicator of metal pollution. Acta Universitatis Carolinae Environmentalica, 14 : 13-20.
[18] Harmanescu M.,Popovici D.,Gergen I. .2007 .Mineral micronutrients composition of bee's pollen. Journal of Agroalimentary Process and Technologies13, : 175-182.
[19] Helal R. M.,El-Dakhakhni N. M.,Shawer M. B.,Taha E.-K. A. .2003 .Effect of moving the apiaries on activity of honey bee colonies. 2- Flight activity, gathering of nectar and sugar concentration contents and honey. Journal of Agricultural Research Tanta University, 29 : 268-282.
[20] Herrera A. ,Perez-Arquillue P. Conchello S. Bayarri C.,Lazaro R,Yague C.,Arino A. .2005 .Determination of pesticides and PCBs in honey by solid-phase extraction cleanup followed by gas chromatography with electroncapture and nitrogen-phosphorus detection. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 381 : 695-701.
[21] Hladun K.R.,Di N.,Liu T.X.,Trumble J.T. .2016 .Metal contaminant accumulation in the hive, consequences for whole-colony health and brood production in the honey bee (Apis mellifera L.). Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 35 : 322-329.
[22] Liolios C.,Tananaki A.,Papaioannou D.,Kanelis D.,Rodopoulou M.,Argena N. .2019 .Mineral content in monofloral bee pollen: investigation of the effect of the botanical and geographical origin. Food Measurements, 13 : 1674-1682.
[23] Klym O.,Stadnytska O. .2019 .Heavy metals in the dandelion and apple tree pollen from the different terrestrial ecosystems of the Carpathian region. Acta Scientiarum Polonorum Zootechnica, 18 : 15-20.
[24] Kostić A. Ž.,M. B. Pešić M. D.,Mosić B. P.,Dojčinović M. M.,Natić J. D.,Trifković J. D. .2015 .Mineral content of bee pollen from Serbia. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol, 66 : 251-258.
[25] Liu J.,Goyer R. A.,Waalkes M. P. .2008 .Doull's toxicology, the basic science of poisons. McGraw-Hill, : .
[26] Mair K. S.,Irrgeher J.,Haluza D. .2023 .Elucidating the Role of Honey Bees as Biomonitors in Environmental Health Research. Insects, 14 : 874.
[27] Oldenburg M.,Petersen A.,Baur X. .2011 ."Maize pollen is an important allergen in occupationally exposed workers". Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 6 : 32-40.
[28] Villanueva Orzáez,M. T. Orzáez,Díaz A.,Marquina A.,Serrano R. Bravo,Abellán G. Blaźquez .2001 .Mineral content of commercial pollen. Food science & nutrition, 52 : 243-249.
[29] Pascoal A.,É D.,Chambó L.M.,Estevinho L.M. .2022 .Botanical origin, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant activity of bee pollen samples from the northeast of Portugal. Journal of Apicultural Research DOI: 10.1080/00218839, 2030277 : .
[30] Qingdian L.,Ying L.,Jianping L. .1997 .Yield and nutritional value of Rosa laxa Retz pollen. Scientia Horticulturae, 71 : 43-48.
[31] de Santana S. E.,Serrão J. E.,Júnior P. B.,Waldschmodt A. M. .2023 .Chemical profile of elements in the stingless bee Melipona scutellaris (Hymenoptera, Apidae, Meliponini) from sites with distinct anthropogenic activities. Biological Trace Element Research, 201 : 5431-5440.
[32] SAS Institute .2003 .SAS/STAT User's Guide release 9.1. , 27513 : .
[33] Sattler J.A.G.,A.A.M. de-Melo J.A.G.,I.L.P. de Mmlo J.A.G.,Mancini-Filh A.,Sattler and L.B. de A. .2016 .Essential minerals and inorganic contaminants (barium, cadmium, lithium, lead and vanadium) in dried bee pollen produced in Rio Grande do Sul State. Brazil. Food Science and Technology, 36 : 505-509.
[34] Sevin S.,Tutun H.,Yipel M.,Aluç Y.,Ekici H. .2023 .Concentration of essential and non-essential elements and carcinogenic / non-carcinogenic health risk assessment of commercial bee pollens from Turkey. Journal of Trace Elements in Medicine and Biology, 75 : 127104.
[35] Shawer M. B.,El-Dakhakhni N. M.,Helal R. M.,Taha E.-K. A. .2003 .Effect of moving the apiaries on activity of honey bee colonies. 1- Gathering and storing pollen, brood rearing and wax secretion. Journal of Agricultural Research Tanta University, 29 : 250-267.
[36] Sillanpää M.,Jansson H. .1992 .Status of cadmium, lead, cobalt and selenium in soils and plants of thirty countries. FAO soils bulletin 65, : .
[37] Sparks D. L.,Page A. L.,Helmke P. A.,Loeppert R. H.,Tabatabai M. A.,Johnston C. T.,Sumner M. E. .1996 .Methods of soil analysis: Chemical methods, part 3. , : 1201-1230.
[38] Spirić D.,Ćirić L.,Đorđević V.,Nikolić D.,Janković S.,Nikolić A.,Petrović Z.,Katanić N.,Teodorović V. .2019 .Toxic and essential element concentrations in different honey types. International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry, 99 : 474-485.
[39] Spulber R.,M. R.,Popa O. .2018 .Physicochemical characteristics of fresh bee pollen from different botanical origins. Romanian Biotechnology Letters, 23 : 13357-13365.
[40] Staniškienė B.,Matusevičius P.,Budreckienė R. .2006 .Honey as an indicator of environmental pollution. Environmental Research, Engineering and Management, 2 : 53-58.
[41] Taha E.-K. A. .2015 .Chemical composition and amounts of mineral elements in honey bee-collected pollen in relation to botanic origin. Journal of Apicultural Science, 59 : 75-81.
[42] Taha ,E-K. A S. N.,Al-Kahtani S. N. .2020 .Macro- and trace elements content in honey bee pollen loads in relation to the harvest season. Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 27 : 1797-1800.
[43] Taha H. M.,Manosur and M. B. Shawer H. M. .2010 .The relationship between comb age and the amounts of mineral elements in honey and wax. Journal of Apicultural Research, 49 : 202-207.
[44] Taha E.-K. A.,Al-Jabr A. M.,Al-Kahtani S. N. .2017 .Honey bees, bee-collected pollen and honey as monitors of environmental pollution at an industrial cement area in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Kansas Entomological Society, 90 : 1-10.
[45] Taha S. N.,Al-Kahtani R.,Taha R.,Apis R. .2018 .Comparison of pollen spectra and amount of mineral content in honey produced by Apis florea F. Journal of Kansas Entomological Society, 91 : 51-58.
[46] Taha E.-K. A.,Taha R.,Al-Kahtani S. N. .2019 .Nectar and pollen sources for honey bees in Kafrelsheikh province of northern Egypt. Saudi Journal of Biological Science, 26 : 890-896.
[47] Taha S. N.,Al-Kahtani R.,Taha R.,Apis L. .2021 .Comparison of the physicochemical characteristics of sidr (Ziziphus spp.) honey produced by Apis florea F. Journal of Apicultural Research, 60 : 470-477.
[48] Temizer I. K.,Çobanoğlu D. N. .2022 .Evaluation of bee pollen from different botanical origins by elemental analysis. Türk Tarım ve Doğa Bilimleri Dergisi, 9 : 1114-1122.
[49] Valverde S.,Tapia J. A.,A. J. A.,Sanz A. V.,GonzalezPorto J.,Lucena J. J.,Martín-Hernandez R.,Bernal J. .2023 .Mineral composition of bee pollen and its relationship with botanical origin and harvesting period. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 119 : 105235.
[50] Vergun O.,Grygorieva O.,Lidiková O.,Hauptvogel P.,Brindza J. .2023 .Nutritional composition of Phacelia tanacetifolia Benth. bee pollen and inflorescences. Agrobiodiversity for Improving Nutrition, Health and Life Quality, 7 : 95-104.
[51] Yakobson B. A.,Plenum B. A. .1996 .The monitoring of possible biological and chemical contaminants in bee products. , : .
[52] Zafeiraki E.,Sabo R.,K. M. Kasiotis K.,Machera L.,Sabová T.,Majchrák T. .2022 .Adult honey bees and beeswax as indicators of trace elements pollution in a vulnerable environment, distribution among different apicultural compartments. Molecules, 27 : 6629.
[53] Zheng M. Y.,Sun J. J.,Wei Y. S.,Zhang P.,Geng W. .2012 .Determination of mineral elements in Crocus sativus L. by the method of microwave digestion and ICP-OES. , : 138-140.
[54] Zhelyazkova I. .2012 .Honey bees - bioindicators for environmental quality. Bulgarian Journal of Agricultural Science, 18 : 435-442.
[55] Zugravu C.,M. Parvu D.,Patrascu C.,Andronie C.,Berghes C. .2008 .The Cadmium content of some widely consumed foods from Bucharest and Ilfov county. , 1 : 477-483.
[56] Zugravu C.,M. Parvu D.,Patrascu A.,Stoian A. .2009 .Correlations between lead and cadmium pollution of honey and environmental heavy metal presence in two Romanian counties. Bulletin of UASVM ASVM Agriculture, 66 : 230-233.
[57] Zajdel B.,Migdał P.,Murawska A.,Jojczyk A.,Kucharska K.,Gabka J. .2023 .Concentration of heavy metals in pollen and bees Osmia bicornis L. in three different habitats in the Łowicz district in central Poland. Agriculture, 13 : 2209.