Ultrasound promoted synthesis of arylmethylenemalonitriles catalyzed by melamine. | [Journal of Chemical Society of Pakistan • 2016]

Author(s):

1. Qing Liu: Key Laboratory of Low Carbon Energy and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao Shandong, P. R. China;State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Complex Systems, Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China

2. Hong Mei Ai: Department of Economy and Management, Shandong University of Science and Technology, China

Abstract:

Arylmethylenemalonitriles were synthesized in the presence of melamine through the Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes with malononitrile in ethanol. Two strategies such as the conventional stirring and ultrasound-assisted method were performed in this work, and improvements were observed by carrying out the reactions under ultrasound irradiation. The effect of frequency and power of ultrasound on the yields was investigated, and the optimum frequency and power was 45 kHz and 240 W, respectively. The Knoevenagel reaction was carried out smoothly under the optimum conditions with the yields of 80–99% within short time. The melamine catalyst showed high activity and reusability, and exhibited no substantial loss of activity over up to four reaction cycles. This work demonstrated that short reaction times and high yields of arylmethylenemalonitriles can be obtained with the facile operation in the presence of the low-toxic, cheap and reusable melamine catalyst.

Page(s): 565-569

DOI: DOI not available

Published: Journal: Journal of Chemical Society of Pakistan, Volume: 38, Issue: 3, Year: 2016

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