Abstract:
The fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda is a sporadic and destructive pest of maize crops worldwide. FAW has a wide range of host plants, but maize has been recorded as the preferable host. The current study aimed to check the life cycle of FAW on maize. The results showed that complete metamorphosis was recorded. The incubation period was 2.01 to 3.05 days. Six instar larvae whose developmental period was completed in 13.32-20.01 days were recorded. The mean average developmental period of the first, second, third, fourth, fifth and sixth larval instar was 2.76±1.00, 2.43±2.23, 2.67±1.10, 3.85±1.21, 2.32±1.61 and 5.01±1.98, respectively. The body length of 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th instar larva was 1.65±0.12, 3.10±0.32, 5.91±0.26, 8.98±0.43, 15.76±1.10 and 31.43±1.25, respectively. The pupa was obtect. The pre-oviposition, oviposition, and post-oviposition periods were 3.11 to 4.06, 2.01 to 4.09 and 4.00 to 5.11 days, respectively. The toxicity data showed that A. indica was found to have more toxic extract, followed by J. curcas and E. globulus. A. indica, J. curcas and E. globulus caused the highest mortality (53-60%) after 24 h, while 76-83% after 48 and 69-98% after 72 h post treatment. E. globulus caused 5.51, 9.76 and 29% larval mortality after 24, 48 and 72 h, respectively. The study concluded that plant-based extracts are the main part of IPM at national and international levels and should be tested by small land farmers to manage the pest population worldwide, especially in the study area.
Page(s):
1223-1228
DOI:
DOI not available
Published:
Journal: Bioscience Research, Volume: 19, Issue: 2, Year: 2022
Keywords:
maize
,
Integrated pest management
,
Pakistan
,
Botanical
,
Spodoptera frugiperda
,
Polyphagous pest