Sir William Ogilvie (1887-1971) once stated, “I know more than a hundred surgeons whom I would cheerfully allow to remove my gallbladder but only one to whom I should like to expose my inguinal canal.” Inguinal hernia has probably been knownever since the mankind existed. Inguinal hernia repair is one of the most frequently performed general surgical procedures. Great advancement has taken place over the past 50 years in its treatment. Although a number of repairs are reported in the literature for inguinal hernia treatment, a single standard repair has yet to come forward. Tension-free hernioplasty was introduced by Irving L. Lichtenstein in 1984 who suggested the use of prosthetic mesh in reinforcing the posterior inguinal wall without put ing tissues under tension. Th is concept opened a new era in inguinal hernia surgerythat was rapidly adopted as the gold standard repair.Since then it has stood the test of time and is one of the most frequentinguinal hernia repairs performed today. Understanding the development of inguinal canal and its anatomy is paramount to the successful treatment of inguinal hernia. Residents must have a thorough knowledge and understanding of this subject and must undergo assessment in it before such a procedure is relegated to them.