A review paper on disinfection by-products formation during drinking water treatment | [Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences Pakistan • 2021]

Author(s):

1. Almas Hamid: Department of Environmental Sciences, Kinnaird College for Women,Lahore,Pakistan

2. Aiman Riaz: Department of Environmental Sciences, Kinnaird College for Women,Lahore,Pakistan

3. Ayesha Mohsin: Department of Environmental Sciences, Kinnaird College for Women,Lahore,Pakistan

Abstract:

Water is the basic need of human life. Most of water borne diseases is due to the presence of pathogens in drinking water. In order to combat such pathogens, efforts need to make in two aspects. First one is effective disinfection and second is sufficient disinfection. While the disinfection of drinking water effectively prevents the water-borne diseases, an unintended consequence of disinfection is the formation of disinfectant byproducts (DBPs). When disinfectant like chlorine reacts with the naturally organic compound present in water, it forms disinfectant byproducts. The genotoxicity and cytotoxicity of disinfectants by-products are highly influenced by the species of the halogen substituted in the disinfection by-products compounds in the order of iodo > bromo > chloro. Gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) technique is the most commonly available method to detect the disinfection by products in water. Other methods such as ultra-high resolution mass spectroscopy (MS), TOX analysis, ion chromatography, and fluorescence excitation spectroscopy are used for the detection. Common methods that are used for the treatments of DBPs are coagulation, biological filtration, adsorption and membrane filtration. Many countries around the world are regulating the DBPs to protect public health. In order to achiever global DBP regulation over 165 countries have specified the parameter values for DBPs. DBP standard enforcement is an expensive and time consuming process for any nation. 107 to 167 countries have setup a guideline value for the free chlorine, among which 36 have set the value at WHO guideline. 71 countries have marked it less than WHO guidelines. If disinfection is failing what are the likely options to embrace if potable and life sustainable water for all is to become a reality as required in the sustainable development goals.

Page(s): 631-640

DOI: DOI not available

Published: Journal: Journal of Natural & Applied Sciences Pakistan, Volume: 3, Issue: 1, Year: 2021

Keywords:

WHO World Health Organization , LC liquid chromatography , GC gas chromatography , Disinfection byproducts DBPs

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