A Study on Therapeutic Use of Camel Milk with Metformin on Glycemic Level and Oxidative Stress in Alloxan® Induced Hyperglycemia in Rabbit Model | [Pakistan Veterinary Journal • 2025]

Author(s):

1. Syed Arshad Ali Rizvi: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan

2. Farrah Deeba: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan

3. Anas Sarwar Qureshi: Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan

4. Khurram Ashfaq: Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan

5. Muhammad Kashif Saleemi: Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture,Faisalabad,Pakistan

Abstract:

In the current study, antihyperglycemic effect of camel milk, with or without metformin, was investigated in hyperglycemic rabbits. Thirty-five adult female rabbits were divided into 5 groups with seven rabbits in each group. Group1 rabbits were kept as negative control. Alloxan® @ 170mg/kg BW was injected intravenously in remaining rabbits for inducing hyperglycemia. Group 2 rabbits were categorized as hyperglycemic positive control, Group 3 rabbits were orally administered metformin (Glucophage®) @100mg/kg/day, Group 4 animals were orally administered camel milk @40ml/kg/day, and Group 5 animals were orally administered with camel milk @40ml/kg/day and metformin (Glucophage®) @100mg/kg/day in combination for 60 days. Body weight and fasting blood glucose levels were recorded weekly. Alloxan® administration reduced body weight, insulin, glucokinase (GCK), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), total protein and albumin level. Fasting blood glucose, serum glucose, total oxidative stress (TOS), kidney function biomarkers, and aminotransferases significantly increased. Use of camel milk and metformin restored body weight, insulin, GCK, TAC, total protein, albumin, and hematological parameters at significant level (P<0.05). Glycemic level, aminotransferases, TOS, kidney function biomarkers were significantly decreased after treatment. Histological observations showed restoration of disrupted histology of liver, kidneys, and pancreas close to normal structure in all treated groups. Use of camel milk either alone or with metformin showed significant potential to restore altered hematobiochemical parameters and cellular architecture in the hyperglycemic rabbit model.

Page(s): 899-905

DOI: 10.29261/pakvetj/2023.101

Published: Journal: Pakistan Veterinary Journal, Volume: 45, Issue: 2, Year: 2025

Keywords:

Camel milk Hemoglobin Hyperglycemia Insulin Metformin Metformin

References:

[1] Abdel-Mobdy YE,Abdel-Mobdy AE,Farga AL .2023 .Evaluation of therapeutic effects of camel milk against the hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity induced by fipronil and lead acetate and their mixture. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 30 : 44746-55.

[2] Ashraf R,Sarwar M,Kamil N .2022 .Glycemic control and antioxidant potential of distinct functions of Camelus dromedaries' fresh milk in streptozocin induced diabetic rats. Pak J Pharm Sci, 35 : 1067-76.

[3] Azeem S,Khan U,Liaquat A .2022 .The increasing rate of diabetes in Pakistan: A silent killer. Ann Med Surg, 79 : 103901.

[4] Abdel-Moneim A,Abdel-Reheim ES,Semmler M .2019 .The impact of glycemic status and metformin administration on red blood cell indices and oxidative stress in type-2 diabetic patients. Malays J Med Sci, 26 : 47-60.

[5] Agrawal RP,Kochar DK,Sahani MS .2004 .Hypoglycemic activity of camel milk in streptozotocin induced diabetic rats. Int J Diab Dev Count, 24 : 9-47.

[6] Chen J,Li R,Knapp S R .2022 .Intergenomic and epistatic interactions control free radical mediated pancreatic β-cell damage. Front Genet, 13 : 994501.

[7] Driver C,Hayangah JA,Nyane NA .2018 .Metformin with insulin relieves oxidative stress and confers renoprotection in type-1 diabetes in vivo. J Nephropathol, 7 : 171-81.

[8] El-Said EE,El-Sayed GR,Tantawy E .2010 .Effect of camel milk on oxidative stresses in experimentally induced diabetic rabbits. Vet Res Forum, 1 : 30-43.

[9] Erukainure OL,Ebuehi OAT,Adeboyejo FO .2013 .Hematological and biochemical changes in diabetic rats fed with fiber-enriched cake. J Acute Med, 3 : 39-44.

[10] Erel O .2005 .A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status. Clin Biochem, 38 : 1103-11.

[11] Godil MA,Wilson TA,Garlick PJ .2005 .Effect of insulin with concurrent amino acid infusion on protein metabolism in rapidly growing pubertal children with type-1 diabetes. Pediatr Res, 58 : 229-34.

[12] Helal EGE,Abd-Elwahab SM,AA SM .2012 .Effect of camel milk on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Egypt J Hosp Med, 49 : 539-54.

[13] Hussain H,Wattoo FH,Wattoo MHS .2021 .Camel milk as an alternative treatment regimen for diabetes therapy. Food Sci Nutr, 9 : 1347-56.

[14] Henquin JC .2004 .Pathways in beta -cell stimulus secretion coupling as targets for therapeutic insulin secretagogues. Diabetes, 53 : 548-58.

[15] Korish AA,Abdel-Gader AGM,Alhaider AA .2020 .Comparison of the hypoglycemic and antithrombotic (anticoagulant) actions of whole bovine and camel milk in streptozotocin-induced diabetes mellitus in rats. J Dairy Sci, 103 : 30-41.

[16] Khan AA,Alzohairy MA,Mohieidein AH .2013 .Antidiabetic effects of camel milk in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Am J Biochem Mol Biol, 3 : 151-8.

[17] Mir MS,Darzi MM,Khan HM .2013 .Pathomorphological effects of alloxan induced acute hyperglycaemia in rabbits. Alexandria J Med, 49 : 343-53.

[18] Moon RJ,Bascombe LA,Halt RIG,Diabetes RIG .2007 .The addition of metformin in type-1 diabetes improves insulin sensitivity, diabetic control, body composition and patient well-being.. Obes Metab, 9 : 143-5.

[19] Oselu S,Ebere R,Arimi JM .2022 .Camels, camel milk, and camel milk product situation in Kenya in relation to the world. Int J Food Sci, 1237423 : .

[20] Obi BC,Okoye TC,Okpashi VE .2016 .Comparative study of the antioxidant effects of metformin, glibenclamide, and repaglinide in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res, : 5.

[21] Ozougwa JC,Obimba KC,Belonwu CD .2013 .The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus. J Physiol Pathophysio, l4 : 46-57.

[22] Peterson DT,Greene WC,Reaven GM .1971 .Effect of experimental diabetes mellitus on kidney ribosomal protein synthesis. Diabetes, 20 : 649-54.

[23] Redha AA,Valizadenia H,Siddiqui SA .2022 .A state-of-art review on camel milk proteins as an emerging source of bioactive peptides with diverse nutraceutical properties. Food Chem, 373 : 13444.

[24] Shakeel K,Rabail R,Iahtisham-Ul-Haq R .2022 .Camel milk protectiveness towards multiple liver disorders: A review. Front Nutr, 9 : 944842.

[25] Sang A,Zhang C,Meng X .2021 .Mechanism and application of metformin in kidney diseases: An update. Biomed Pharmacother, 138 : 111454.

[26] Sboui A,Khorchani T,Djegham M .2010 .Anti-diabetic effect of camel milk in alloxan-induced diabetic dogs: a dose-response experiment. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr, 94 : 540-6.

[27] Suvarna S,Layton C,Bancroft JD .2013 .Bancroft's Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques. Churchill Livingstone Elsevier, : 345-50.

[28] Triggle CR,Mohammad I,Bshesh K .2022 .Metformin: is it a drug for all reasons. diseases? Metabolism, 133 : 155223.

[29] Usman M,Ali MZ,Qureshi AS .2018 .Short term effect of dose dependent camel milk in alloxan induced diabetes in female albino rats. J Anim Plant Sci, 28 : 1292-300.

[30] Vinik AI,Erbas T,Park TS .2001 .Platelet dysfunction in type-2 diabetes. Diabetes Care, 24 : 1476-85.

Citations

Downloads

Views