A preliminary appraisal of the impact of dumping municipal solid waste on the soil quality in the district korangi, karachi city | [International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology • 2024]

Author(s):

1. Aamir Alamgir: Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi,Karachi,Pakistan

2. Noor Fatima: Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi,Karachi,Pakistan

3. Sarim Ahmed: Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi,Karachi,Pakistan

4. Ayesha Shahid: Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi,Karachi,Pakistan

5. Sauleha Irfan: Institute of Environmental Studies, University of Karachi,Karachi,Pakistan

Abstract:

In Karachi, the generation, collection, and disposal of untreated municipal solid waste (MSW) is a matter of great concern as it tends to deteriorate the soil quality of the waste dumping sites, and leachate pollution may contaminate the underground water quality, which is a freshwater resource for citizens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the dumping of MSW on the physico-chemical characteristics of soil collected from 44 open dumpsites covering the 4 towns of District Korangi, namely Shah Faisal Town, Korangi Town, Landhi Town, and Model Colony. The soil samples were analyzed for physico-chemical and heavy metal parameters. pH, moisture content, organic matter, total organic carbon (TOC), water holding capacity (WHC), SO4, NO3, PO4, Ca, Mg, Na and K were analyzed. High pH values, indicating slightly alkaline pH along with higher concentrations of Na and K in these soil samples showed the level of deterioration of soil quality in response to MSW dumping. Heavy metals of interest include As, Pb, Ni, Cr, Fe and Zn, but their concentrations were below the guideline values. The mean concentrations of heavy metals examined in this study follows the descending pattern: Zn > Fe > Ni > Pb > Cr > As. Although, these heavy metals do not pose any ecological hazard to the soil quality of dumping areas. According to the principal component analysis (PCA) analysis, organic matter, nitrate, Ni, and TOC all play major roles in the first component; the second component is primarily governed by Mg, Ca, Fe, and K; and the third component is influenced by Cr, As, Mg, and Na. The cluster analysis (CA) made two major cluster groups of 44 sampling sites. The sample sites in Group 1 had higher organic matter, TOC, and Ca while the sample sites in Group 2 had greater Na, K, and Cr. This study concluded that the physical and chemical properties of soil are altered due to the dumping of untreated MSW. In addition, heavy metals also accumulate in the soil and leached along with rainwater, thus entering the groundwater aquifers. Proper MSW management and disposal system should be implemented so that the quantity of waste might be reduced, which will also control the possible spread of pollutants in soil and water aquifers.

Page(s): 503-511

DOI: DOI not available

Published: Journal: International Journal of Biology and Biotechnology, Volume: 21, Issue: 4, Year: 2024

Keywords:

Heavy metals , Heavy metals , Heavy metals , Soil pollution , solid waste , waste disposal site , Korangi

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