The Impact of Sugar Mills Effluents on Soil Quality. | [Journal of Animal and Plant sciences • 2018]

Author(s):

1. S Ahmad: Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Pakistan)

2. AA Khan: Institute of Pure and Applied Biology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan (Pakistan)

Abstract:

The industrial pollution, like many other developing countries of the world, is the crucial problem of Pakistan. The current study was aimed to ascertain the impact of pollutants added by effluents from sugar mills in Rahim Yar Khan Region of Punjab province in Pakistan. The electrical conductivity (EC) and pH are the basic parameters to evaluate the soil pollution. To this end, the soil samples were collected from the fixed sites labelled as site I, II, III, IV and V, spaced at fixed distances. Site I was taken as control. From each site the soil samples were taken from the depths ranging between 6 and 48 inches from all the four sugar mills. The samples were examined as per universally used protocols at the regular intervals from May 2007 to April 2008. The results showed the mean highest level of soil ECat Humza Sugar Mills 17.51 dSm-1 (above the standard permissible limits 4.12-8.1 dSm-1) followed by 9.82 dSm-1 at JDW (Jamal Din Wali) Sugar Mills. On the other hand, the highest value of pH 9 was recorded at JDW sugar mills at 24 inches deep soil samples. But the soil samples collected from 6-18 inches sediments showed the pH ranging between 8.7 at United Sugar Mills and 10.9 at Ettehad Sugar Mills. The findings established that two out of four sugar mills were adding pollutants to the crops cultivation fields via canal water that was being contaminated primarily by effluents. It was hypothesized that the sugar mills in the study area might be engaged in polluting the habitats in their vicinity.

Page(s): 215-221

DOI: DOI not available

Published: Journal: Journal of Animal and Plant sciences, Volume: 28, Issue: 1, Year: 2018

Keywords:

pollution , Soil pH , Soil Electrical Conductivity EC

References:

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[2] Ahmad , S.,Z.Tasawar,,2016,Toxoplasmosis in Four Caprine Breeds: A Future Risk of Zoonosis,J. Anim. Plant Sci,26,388,394

[3] Ashraf , M.A.,M.J.Maah,I.,Mehmood,,2010,Effects of Polluted Water Irrigation on Environment and Health of People in Jamber, District Kasur, Pakistan,Int. J. Basic Appl. Sci,10,37,57

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[6] Fereidoun , H.,M.S.Nourddin,N.A.Rreza,A. , Mohsen,R.Ahmad,Pouria,,2007,The Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Pollution on the Lung Function of Teheranian and Zanjanian Students,Pakistan J. Physiol,3,1,5

[7] GOP.,,2007,The Environmental Management (Soil Quality Standards) Regulations Act,Govt. Pakistan Under Section 144, 145 and 230: 2,,,

[8] Khan , A.A. and S.B.,Ali,,2003,Effect of Erosion on Indus River Bio-diversity in Pakistan,Pakistan Biol. Sci,6,1035,1040

[9] Khan , S.I.,,2004,Dumping of Solid Waste: A Threat to Environment,The Dawn: Retrieved from http://66.219.30,,,

[10] Khushk , A.M.,M.I.Lashari,A . Memon,,2008,Political Economy of Sugar Industry in Pakistan,Pakistan Agriculture Research Council Technology Transfer Institute Tandojam Sindh,,85,86

[11] Kimani , N.G.,U.N.Environ,,2007,Environmental Pollution and Impacts on Public Health: Implications of the Dandora Dumping Site Municipal in Nairobi,,,1,31

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[13] Liu , Z.,Q.Zhang,Y. Ding.,J. Sun.,F.Wang,C.Zhu,,2016,Heavy Metal Pollution in a Soil-Rice System in the Yangtze River Region of China,Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Hlth,13,63,

[14] Mezurek , M.,R.Paluszkiewicz,G.Rachlewicz,Z.Zwolinski,,2012,Variability of Water Chemistry in Tundra Lakes,,596516,,

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[16] Rosenstock , L.,,2003,The Environment as a Cornerstone of Public Health,Environ. Hlth. Perspectives,111,376,377

[17] Schell , L.M.,M.V.Gallo,M.Denham,Ravenscroft,,2006,Effects of Pollution on Human Growth and Development: An Introduction,J. Physiol. Anthropol,25,103,112

[18] Sharif. M.,M.A.Niazi,A.Jabbar,S.Taj,,2014,Financial Profitability of White Sugar Production in Pakistan,Pakistan. J. Agri. Res,27,167,

[19] Sial , R.A.,M.F.Chaudhary,S.T.Abbas,M.I.Latif,A.G.Khan,,2006,Quality of effluents from Hattar Industrial Estate,J. Zheijang Uni. Sci. B,7,974,980

[20] Zhang , H., L.J.L.,Schroder , J.J.,Pittman , J.J.,Wang and M.E.,Payton,,2005,Soil salinity using saturated paste and 1:1 soil and water extracts,Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J,69,1146,1151

[21] Ahmad , S.,Z.Tasawar,,2015,Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in Four Ovine Breeds of Cholistan Desert of Pakistan,Pakistan J. Life Soc. Sci,2,91,96

[22] Ahmad , S.,Z.Tasawar,,2016,Toxoplasmosis in Four Caprine Breeds: A Future Risk of Zoonosis,J. Anim. Plant Sci,26,388,394

[23] Ashraf , M.A.,M.J.Maah,I.,Mehmood,,2010,Effects of Polluted Water Irrigation on Environment and Health of People in Jamber, District Kasur, Pakistan,Int. J. Basic Appl. Sci,10,37,57

[24] Boyd , C.E.,,1979,Craft master printer Inc. Opelika Alabama,,359,,

[25] David , H.F.L.,G.L.Bela,A.B.Paul,,1996,Environmental Engineers Handbook,,,,

[26] Fereidoun , H.,M.S.Nourddin,N.A.Rreza,A. , Mohsen,R.Ahmad,Pouria,,2007,The Effect of Long-Term Exposure to Particulate Pollution on the Lung Function of Teheranian and Zanjanian Students,Pakistan J. Physiol,3,1,5

[27] GOP.,,2007,The Environmental Management (Soil Quality Standards) Regulations Act,Govt. Pakistan Under Section 144, 145 and 230: 2,,,

[28] Khan , A.A. and S.B.,Ali,,2003,Effect of Erosion on Indus River Bio-diversity in Pakistan,Pakistan Biol. Sci,6,1035,1040

[29] Khan , S.I.,,2004,Dumping of Solid Waste: A Threat to Environment,The Dawn: Retrieved from http://66.219.30,,,

[30] Khushk , A.M.,M.I.Lashari,A . Memon,,2008,Political Economy of Sugar Industry in Pakistan,Pakistan Agriculture Research Council Technology Transfer Institute Tandojam Sindh,,85,86

[31] Kimani , N.G.,U.N.Environ,,2007,Environmental Pollution and Impacts on Public Health: Implications of the Dandora Dumping Site Municipal in Nairobi,,,1,31

[32] Kopaska-Merkel , D.,,2000,How Does Water Pollution Affect Plant Growth? Mad Scientists Network,,,,

[33] Liu , Z.,Q.Zhang,Y. Ding.,J. Sun.,F.Wang,C.Zhu,,2016,Heavy Metal Pollution in a Soil-Rice System in the Yangtze River Region of China,Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Hlth,13,63,

[34] Mezurek , M.,R.Paluszkiewicz,G.Rachlewicz,Z.Zwolinski,,2012,Variability of Water Chemistry in Tundra Lakes,,596516,,

[35] Mishra , V.,,2003,eff ects_of_air_pollution_mishra_pern,,,15,

[36] Rosenstock , L.,,2003,The Environment as a Cornerstone of Public Health,Environ. Hlth. Perspectives,111,376,377

[37] Schell , L.M.,M.V.Gallo,M.Denham,Ravenscroft,,2006,Effects of Pollution on Human Growth and Development: An Introduction,J. Physiol. Anthropol,25,103,112

[38] Sharif. M.,M.A.Niazi,A.Jabbar,S.Taj,,2014,Financial Profitability of White Sugar Production in Pakistan,Pakistan. J. Agri. Res,27,167,

[39] Sial , R.A.,M.F.Chaudhary,S.T.Abbas,M.I.Latif,A.G.Khan,,2006,Quality of effluents from Hattar Industrial Estate,J. Zheijang Uni. Sci. B,7,974,980

[40] Zhang , H., L.J.L.,Schroder , J.J.,Pittman , J.J.,Wang and M.E.,Payton,,2005,Soil salinity using saturated paste and 1:1 soil and water extracts,Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J,69,1146,1151

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