Abstract:
The valorisation and waste management designing to get valuable products or by-products is neglected area in the Pakistan. Citrus processing in Pakistan has mostly concentrated on the fruit's export to the Middle East and the Malay Archipelago. It can be demonstrated that the trash produced by the beverage industries-citrus peel and apple pomace-is what causes exchange earnings. Pakistan is the world's largest importer of pectin. Food (jams, jellies, frozen foods, and more recently low-calorie foods as a fat and/or sugar replacement) is the principal application for pectin. It is also used in pharmaceuticals to treat gastrointestinal diseases and lower blood cholesterol levels, as well as in cosmetics as a foundation. Apple pomace and citrus peel are the primary sources of pectin extraction, although other unusual sources are also employed, such as sugar beet, banana peel, melon rind, pomegranate peel, etc.Citrus peel is subjected to physical, chemical, and biological processing to separate the extractable components pectin (30.53%) and essential oils (0.43%), and to prepare the material for the production of succinic acid, which allowed the use of the remaining bio-refinery residues (BR) as a substitute for fertiliser. Additionally, orange peel essential oils contain 17 different molecules, with D-limonene accounting for 96.7% of those. Numerous pectin extraction procedures are employed in various industries, including the traditional approach (acid hydrolysis) and non-conventional techniques (Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction, Microwave-Assisted Extraction, Enzymatic Extraction, Supercritical extraction techniques). Microcrystalline cellulose, pectic compounds, essential oils, and phytochemicals may be by-products of the effective pectin extraction process. Fruit peel essential oils are a valuable commodity that are extracted and are mostly utilised in perfumery, culinary flavouring, therapeutic application, and cosmetic items.
Page(s):
194-194
DOI:
DOI not available
Published:
Journal: Abstract Book on Global Science Technology and Management Conference, Volume: 0, Issue: 0, Year: 2023
Keywords:
Circular economy
,
extraction techniques
,
Value addedproduct
,
Agronomic utilization