A Review on the Identified Phases οf Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) & Heavy Metals in the Environment from Different World Locations | [Journal of Chemical Society of Pakistan • 2024]

Author(s):

1. Syed Kamran Ajmal: Department of Physics, Punjab Group: Constituent College of University of Central Punjab (UCP), Faisalabad, Pakistan

2. Shabir Mahar: Department of Physics, University of Agriculture (UAF), Faisalabad, Pakistan

3. Shahzadi Sheher Bano: Department of Physics, Punjab Group: Constituent College of University of Central Punjab (UCP), Faisalabad, Pakistan

4. Iqra Mushtaq: Department of Physics, Punjab Group: Constituent College of University of Central Punjab (UCP), Faisalabad, Pakistan

5. Iqra Ahmad: Department of Physics, Punjab Group: Constituent College of University of Central Punjab (UCP), Faisalabad, Pakistan

Abstract:

Summary: Suspended particulate matter (SPM) is a significant source of environmental contamination and it has a variety of physical and chemical properties. Pollution has a wide range of effects on living creatures. It exists in varied quantities at various locations and levels in the atmosphere. Noise pollution, water pollution, chemical pollution and air pollution are all examples of environmental pollution. Air pollution has been researched in the indoor and outdoor atmospheres of the world. Over the last 40 years, many studies have studied of air particulates in different countries. This study also analyzed and reviewed various sample collection, pre-treatment and analytical methodologies used in SPM during the four decades. The findings revealed that traffic exhausts are the primary source of SPM. In Asian countries (China, Pakistan, India, Nepal) of traffic areas followed by urban regions and lowest in rural areas similarly in African countries (Nigeria, Sudan, Kenya, Tanzania, Mali), Western countries (UK, USA, Spain, Greece) and in Arabian countries (Iran, Iraq, Libya, Saudi Arabia) were found SPM and heavy metals. During the period of (1980-2020), this study elucidates the sources, analytical techniques, for the SPM and related metallic components. The metallic elements for SPM were Fe, Mg, Zn, Pb, Cu, Mn, Cr, Cd found during the past ten years in Asian countries. Using powder techniques, clay minerals were discovered in examined articles (SPM, free fall dust, indoor, outdoor, and under carpet dust). The study is being carryout to examine the presence of heavy metals and SPM in various ecosystems around the world. This research paper provides a comprehensive overview of heavy metals and SPM. Previous research on this topic over the previous four decades was thoroughly examined, in order to conduct experimental research; various equipments for collecting SPM samples were used.

Page(s): 415-424

DOI: 10.52568/001501/JCSP

Published: Journal: Journal of Chemical Society of Pakistan, Volume: 46, Issue: 4, Year: 2024

Keywords:

Heavy metals , Xray diffraction , Suspended Particulate Matter , Heavy metals , Heavy metals , High volume air sampler , Low volume air sampler , Air conditioner filter

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