The First Conserved Mitochondrial Genome of Polygraphus poligraphus (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) and its Phylogenetic Implications | [Pakistan Journal of Zoology • 2025]

Author(s):

1. Xianmei Song: School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021 P.R.China

2. Yuchen Zhao: School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021 P.R.China

3. Peng Zhao: School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021 P.R.China

4. Yinxiang Ma: School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021 P.R.China

5. Ming Bai: School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021 P.R.China; Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, P.R.China

6. Xinpu Wang: School of Agriculture, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, Ningxia 750021 P.R.China

Abstract:

Polygraphus poligraphus L., the four-eyed spruce bark beetle, belongs to the Curculionidae (Coleoptera), which mainly harms Picea asperata Mast and Pinus armandii Franch tree trunks. In this study, we sequenced and annotated the nearly complete mitogenome of P. poligraphus for the first time and predicted the secondary structures of its tRNAs. The results showed that the mitogenome of P. poligraphus was 15,302 bp (partial genome) in length with A + T content of 69.65% due to large-scale duplication. The nearly complete mitochondrial genome of P. poligraphus contained a set of 36 genes typical of the insect mitogenome, including 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 2 ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 21 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) but lacked tRNA-Ile, as for the typical insect mitogenome. The results of nucleotide skew statistics showed that the AT-skews and GC-skew of P. poligraphus were positive and negative, respectively, which were similar to other Scolytinae insects. All PCGs were initiated with the standard start codon ATN. All tRNA genes had the typical cloverleaf structure, except for the trnS1, which lacked a dihydroxyuridine (DHU) arm. Furthermore, we reconstructed phylogenetic trees of P. poligraphus based on the data set of the mitogenome's protein-coding gene sequences using the Bayesian inference (BI) method and maximum likelihood method (ML). In ML and BI analyses, the relationships of three genera of Scolytinae are Polygraphus + (Gnathotrichus + Pityophthorus). Our results presented the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of P. poligraphus and highlight the need for further sequencing analyses and taxonomic revisions in additional bark beetle species.

Page(s): 651-660

DOI: 10.17582/journal.pjz/20210924100910

Published: Journal: Pakistan Journal of Zoology, Volume: 57, Issue: 2, Year: 2025

Keywords:

Phylogeny , Bark beetle , Scolytinae

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