Vitamin D deficiency: Correlation with diabetic retinopathy in diabetes type-II | [Pakistan Journal of Surgery • 2021]

Author(s):

1. Mashhood-uz-Zafar Farooq: Karachi Institute of Medical Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan

2. Shama Mashhood: Karachi Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan

3. Aisha Kaleem: Mohsin Family Health Clinic, Karachi, Pakistan

4. Mir Amjad Ali: Sir Syed Medical College, Karachi, Pakistan

5. Muhammad Faisal Fahim: Bahria University Medical & Dental College, Karachi, Pakistan

6. Abdul Rafiu Soomro: Suleman Roshan Medical College, Tando Adam, Pakistan

Abstract:

Background: Vitamin D is identifi ed to have an important association with diabetic retinopathy (DR). Several vitro and vivo studies support this evidence. Diabetic retinopathy is identiif ed as one of the leading causes of blindness. Diabetic retinopathy poses economic and social implications. Visual loss secondary to diabetic retinopathy is avoidable and/or treatable with timely intervention. Dif erent risk factors have been identifi ed for causing diabetic retinopathy. Recently, vitamin-D is also identifi ed as a risk factor for diabetic retinopathy in patients suf ering from diabetes mellitus type-II. Large number of studies has identifi ed vitamin D deif ciency in dif erent countries af ecting all ages. Where several studies have found correlation of vitamin-D defi ciency with diabetic retinopathy, some studies have found no relationship between vitamin-D defi ciency and diabetic retinopathy. Objective: To fi nd a relationship between levels of vitamin-D and state of retinopathy among patients suf ering from type-II diabetes mellitus (DM). Material & Methods: Th is was a retrospective study with non-probability purposive sampling carried out at Mohsin Family Health Clinic, Karachi. Records of patients were traced out from January 2017 to December 2019. Results: A total of 497 patient records were traced out for analysis during the study period. Mean age was 61.17±6.3 with range of 41 to 70 years. Male to female ratio was 4.3:1. Vitamin D levels were assessed with Diabetic retinopathy status. Th ere were 17 (27.0%) NPDR cases found with normal vitamin D level, 133 (53.2%) patients observed with NPDR and insufi ciency level and 115 (62.5%) found with NPDR and defi ciency level of vitamin D. Conclusion: Th ere is an association between low levels of vitamin D and retinopathy in type II diabetes mellitus. Vitamin D has potential role in developing diabetic retinopathy.

Page(s): 206-211

DOI: DOI not available

Published: Journal: Pakistan Journal of Surgery, Volume: 37, Issue: 3, Year: 2021

Keywords:

type 2 diabetes mellitus , Diabetic retinopathy , Vitamin D , visual loss , Nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy NPDR

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