Abstract:
A multitude of microbes calls the human gut home. In this habitat, there exist several varieties of bacteria, archaea, viruses, and eukaryotes. The term "microbiome" describes the ecology of pathogenic, commensal, and symbiotic microorganisms. The host's interaction with gut microbiota maintains a healthy immune system, metabolic function, and nutrient levels. Gut microbiota plays an influential role in maintaining host health. GI diseases are strongly correlated with microbiota imbalances (dysbiosis). There are numerous diseases that may be developed and/or progressed by colonic bacteria due to microbiota imbalance. Globally, nephrolithiasis affects approximately 5%-10% of people. The recurrence rate of kidney stone patients during their first year is 6% to 17%, 21%-53% within five years, and 60-80% in their lifetime. Climate, ethnicity, nutrition, and genetic factors all contribute to nephrolithiasis. Oxalobacterformigenesa gram-negative bacteria. It break down oxalate and metabolizes it in the stomach, preventing urine oxalate excretion. Oxalate is broken down by bacteria such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Enterococcus, Clostridium, Eggerthella, Providencia, Streptococcus, and Leuconostoc. Increased gastrointestinal breakdown may reduce oxalate absorption and urine excretion. The presence of Faecalibacterium, Enterobacter, or Doreain stone formers may reduce CaOx stone formation. By decreasing intestinal absorption and decreasing dietary oxalate degradation, B.lactis reduces urine oxalate levels. Inflammation and oxidative stress associated with kidney stones are reduced by short-chain fatty acids produced by Faecalibacterium.Inurine, urea is degraded by bacteria such as Proteus, Staphylococcus, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas. Infection stones form when calcium, magnesium, and phosphoric acid react with urine breakdown products (struvite or carbonate apatite) to form ammonia, bicarbonate, and carbonate. Proteus mirabilis plays an imperative role. E. coli and Pseudomonasspp, as well as Proteus (urease-producing bacteria), have long been known to cause struvite stones. By using probiotics, health benefits can be achieved. Probiotics promote gut health by restoring the balance between beneficial and harmful bacteria. Fermented foods, such as yogurt and sauerkraut, can be consumed as supplements. Probiotics metabolize oxalate to stop absorption, so patients with mild hyperoxaluria excrete 40% less oxalate when they take probiotics. By taking O. formigenes orally, oxalate excretion in the urine may be reduced. Bifidobacterium probiotic bacteria are beneficial since dietary therapies often target gut Bifidobacteria. The effects of certain Bifidobacterium strains on allergies, IBD, IBS, diarrhea, and nephrolithiasis have been different. This review abstract aims to explain the gut microbiome as it relates to nephrolithiasis and highlight how probiotics help maintain gut homeostasis.
Page(s):
12-12
DOI:
DOI not available
Published:
Journal: Abstract Book on Global Science Technology and Management Conference, Volume: 0, Issue: 0, Year: 2023
Keywords:
probiotics
,
nephrolithiasis
,
NULLMicrobiota
,
Calcium oxalateCaOx stones
,
GI microbiom
,
gut homeostasis