The influence of nutritional biological selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) for controlling Clinostomum marginatum infection in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) | [Pakistan Veterinary Journal • 2025]

Author(s):

1. Haleema H. Albohiri: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia:

2. Muslimah N. Alsulami: Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science, University of Jeddah,Jeddah,Saudi Arabia:

3. Hayat S. Al-Rashidi: Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University,Buraydah,Saudi Arabia:

4. Mina A. Almayouf: Department of Biology, College of Science, Qassim University,Buraydah,Saudi Arabia:

5. Abeer Mogadem: Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University,Rabigh 21911,Saudi Arabia:

6. Asma A. Aljohani: Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University,Rabigh 21911,Saudi Arabia:

7. Haifaa A. Mahjoub: Biological Sciences Department, College of Science and Arts, King Abdulaziz University,Rabigh 21911,Saudi Arabia:

8. Hind althagafi: Department of Biology, College of Science, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University,P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh 11671,Saudi Arabia:

9. Mari Sumayli: Biology Department, College of Science, Jazan University,Jazan 82817,Saudi Arabia:

10. Suad Hamdan Almasoudi: Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University,Makkah 21955,Saudi Arabia:

11. Ahmed Ezzat Ahmed: Department of Biology, College of Science, King Khalid University, Abha 61413, Saudi Arabia; Prince Sultan Bin Abdelaziz for Environmental Research and Natural Resources Sustainability Center, King Khalid University, Abha 61421, Saudi Arabia

Abstract:

Yellow grub (Clinostomum marginatum) infection severely impairs Nile tilapia productivity, causing growth retardation, hematological disorders, and increased susceptibility to secondary infections. This study comprehensively evaluates the biosynthesis, characterization, and multifaceted biological activities of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) produced using Saccharomyces cerevisiae SA33, which MALDI-TOF identified as S. cerevisiae DSM 34246 and their effect in mitigating infections caused by Clinostomum marginatum. The antioxidant, antibacterial, and antiparasitic activities of SeNPs were determined using the DPPH assay, disc assay, and measuring parasite mortality, respectively. UV-Vis spectroscopy confirmed the formation of SeNPs with a distinct absorption peak at 285 nm, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed well-dispersed, spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of ~40 nm. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential analysis indicated a monodisperse size distribution (33 nm) and moderate colloidal stability (-22.35 mV). The biosynthesized SeNPs (200 µg/mL) exhibited potent dose-dependent antioxidant activity, scavenging over 90% of DPPH radicals. Antibacterial assay demonstrated significant growth inhibition against pathogenic bacteria. Antiparasitic activity of SeNPs against Clinostomum marginatum (Yellow Grub) reached >80% inhibition compared to praziquantel 75 %. In yellow grub-infected Nile tilapia, SeNPs (200 mg/kg diet) significantly enhanced growth performance, increasing final weight, weight gain, and feed efficiency, however, decreasing the FCR, while maintaining 100% survival. Hematological analysis of infected fish revealed SeNPs restored red blood cell counts, hemoglobin levels, and immune cell balance, counteracting parasitic anemia and inflammation. Serum biochemistry confirmed hepatoprotective effects, reducing stress markers (cortisol decreased from 9.89 to 1.90 µg/mL) and enhancing immune responses (lysozyme activity increased by 82%). Gene expression studies showed SeNPs upregulated growth-related genes (GHR) and myogenic regulators (MYOG, MYF6). Histopathological assessment demonstrated SeNPs' protective role, reversing gill damage (lamellar fusion, necrosis) caused by Clinostomum infection. Additionally, SeNPs reduced the bacterial count in water and fish organs. These findings highlight SeNPs as a versatile, eco-friendly nanomaterial with antioxidant, antimicrobial, antiparasitic, and growth-promoting properties, providing a sustainable solution for enhancing aquaculture health and productivity.

Page(s): 1045-1060

DOI: 10.29261/pakvetj/2025.251

Published: Journal: Pakistan Veterinary Journal, Volume: 45, Issue: 3, Year: 2025

Keywords:

growth performance , Gene expression , Nile tilapia , Antiparasitic activity , Selenium nanoparticles SeNPs , Clinostomum marginatum

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