Abstract:
The relationship between oral bacteria and health has garnered attention in recent years. In particular, the correlation between periodontal bacteria and various systemic diseases has become evident. These diseases include cardiovascular diseases, gastrointestinal disorders, colorectal cancer, diabetes, insulin resistance, osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), Alzheimer's disease, and adverse outcomes in respiratory infections and pregnancy. Periodontal disease is an inflammatory condition caused by infection with periodontal bacteria. It affects the gums and the supporting tissues of the teeth. The prolonged presence of periodontal bacteria in the oral cavity leads to inflammation of the gums and further destruction of the supporting tissues. The prevalence of periodontal disease is approximately 45% to 50% in adults with mild forms and over 60% in individuals aged 65 and above. Severe periodontitis is estimated to affect 11.2% of the adult population worldwide. The risk factors for periodontal disease include environmental factors such as smoking, nutrition, and alcohol consumption, host factors such as diabetes and aging, and bacterial factors such as periodontal pathogens. According to the expanded Human Oral Microbiome Database, over 700 species of bacteria reside in the oral cavity. Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) is frequently detected in deep periodontal pockets and is considered the most significant bacterium in periodontal disease. P. gingivalis is a gram-negative anaerobic non-saccharolytic bacterium that possesses diverse virulence factors, including cysteine proteases (gingipains), lipopolysaccharides (LPS), hemagglutinin, and adhesins such as fimbriae. Furthermore, studies using periodontal disease model mice infected with P. gingivalis have shown that it is a crucial pathogen that disrupts the homeostasis of the resident microbiota through complementarity with the host, leading to dysbiosis. Such dysbiosis of the oral microbiota has been shown to impact oral diseases like tooth decay, periodontal disease, and organs and tissues outside the oral cavity. Therefore, the transition from a symbiotic state between the host and microorganisms to dysbiosis is considered a susceptible condition for periodontitis. Prevention is crucial in addition to early treatment for periodontal disease, and inhibiting the proliferation of periodontal bacteria and the production of virulence factors is essential for its prevention. However, available oral hygiene products are often developed as disinfectants and tend to be highly irritating. On the other hand, plant-derived compounds contain secondary metabolites such as carbohydrates and polyphenols, which have a high potential as starting materials for producing useful substances with various applications. Many of these compounds are derived from food sources, offering broad usefulness with low irritability and high safety. In this presentation, I would like to introduce some of the antimicrobial substances derived from plants we have discovered for periodontal bacteria so far.
Page(s):
54-54
DOI:
DOI not available
Published:
Journal: Abstract Book on International Conference on Sustainable Agriculture and Food Security, August 27-31, 2023 , Volume: 0, Issue: 0, Year: 2023