The action of ketamine in treatment of depressive disorders through glutamatergic system | [The Journal of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics • 2022]

Author(s):

1. Sobia Parveen: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Pakistan

2. Saira Iram Khan: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Pakistan

3. Sidra Younis: Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Medical Sciences Rawalpindi, Pakistan

4. Roomina Mazhar: Department of Botany, Women University Swabi, Pakistan

5. Nadia Iqbal: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Pakistan

6. Salma Batool: Department of Biochemistry, University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan

7. Farah Deeba: Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, The Women University Multan, Pakistan

Abstract:

In this article, we discuss that Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a serious issue. Treatment of depression is carrird out through an antidepressant drug called Ketamine that acts through the NMDA receptor. The action of ketamine has involved the contact between N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, opioid receptors, and the “nitric oxide path way”. The binding of ketamine and its dissociation through the pore depend upon the receptor channel opening. Human brain has a neurotransmitter called as Glutamate which plays a role in quick recovery from disorders. The elevated glutamate levels and decrease in its receptors levels observe in humans prefrontal cortex which is suffering from MDD. The elevated concentration of glutamate also accelerates the receptors of extra synaptic NMDA, which oppose the stimulation of neurotrophic factors. Antidepressant drugs elevate the binding of brain-derived neurotrophic factors. Abnormality or decrease in synaptic plasticity and neurogenesis are major factors which lead towards the development of MDD. AMPA receptor antagonists like quinoxaline-2, 2, 3-dihydroxyl-6-nitro-7sulfamoyl-benzo reverse the action of ketamine. Data given here is indicative of fact that AMPA receptors and ratio of AMPA/NMDA is considered as target to develop possible therapeutics.

Page(s): 32-40

DOI: DOI not available

Published: Journal: The Journal of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Volume: 3, Issue: 1, Year: 2022

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