Abstract:
Heavy metal (HM) contamination of soil persists as a global threat to food safety and environmental health. Nano-phytoremediation, the integration of nanotechnology with phytoremediation, has emerged as a cutting-edge approach for the remediation of contaminated soils, water, and sediments. Conventional phytoremediation often faces limitations such as low efficiency, slow metal uptake, and poor tolerance of plants to high pollutant loads. Recent studies of this Nano-phytoremediation highlight successful applications in detoxifying heavy metals like Cd, Pb, Cr, As, organic pollutants, and emerging contaminants such as pharmaceuticals and dyes. Green-synthesized nanomaterial’s produced via plant and microbes will offer a low-toxicity, low-energy alternative to conventional nanoparticles for enhancing phytoremediation. Recent studies demonstrate that plant and microbe mediated metallic and metal-oxide nanoparticles (such as nZVI, ZnO, and Ag), along with nano-biochar and zeo liten a no composites, can immobilize heavy metals through adsorption, complexation and surface precipitation, facilitate valence state reduction, enhance plant tolerance and uptake by regulating ROS homeostasis, root exudation, and nutrient transporter activity. Controlled “simulated” soil systems enable rigorous evaluation of dosage, aging, and soil chemistry effects on nanoparticle transformation and HM speciation, while quantifying plant responses. This review highlights the role of green biotechnology in achieving synergistic role of green nanotechnology in strengthening phytoremediation efficiency for heavy metal stress. Overall, the review provides a comprehensive analysis of current progress, challenges, and future directions for leveraging green biotechnology as a transformative pathway toward heavy metal stress tolerance.
Page(s):
32-32
DOI:
DOI not available
Published:
Journal: 1st International Conference on "Recent Advances in Green Biotechnology and Climate Resilience", September 15-16, 2025, Volume: 1, Issue: 1, Year: 2025