Author(s):
1. Naser Mulla:
Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Taibah University,Madinah,Saudi Arabia
Abstract:
There is a broad variety of current treatments for colorectal cancer; particularly metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) however, their outcomes remain unpredictable. In the last 10 years, advancements in comprehending the immune mechanism's role in cancer progression have led to the development of new treatments. Immunotherapy has been recently incorporated in the treatment of mCRC mainly the phenotype with Microsatellite Instability-High (MSI-H) and Deficient Mismatch Repair (dMMR). Those patients have received a little advantage from neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT). The treatment regimen passed through several therapeutic approaches over eight years, and immune check point inhibitors (ICIs) were the only adjuvant therapies that added significant prognostic values to mCRC patients. Antiprogrammed cell death-1 (PD1) inhibitor (pembrolizumab and nivolumab) as single agent or combined with ipilimumab (anti-CTL4) have demonstrated long-term response in CRC patients. Nevertheless, many patients did not show a significant response after the treatment. Although treatment response is multifactorial, a better understanding of the molecular alterations associated with these drug outcomes is essential. Wide genomic mutations including B2M mutations were explored as mechanisms of treatment resistance to anti-PD-1/PD-L1. This review discusses the current treatment protocols of immunotherapy for patients with advanced CRC including mCRC (MSI-H/dMMR).
Page(s):
498-503
DOI:
DOI not available
Published:
Journal: Bioscience Research, Volume: 20, Issue: 2, Year: 2023
Keywords:
Resistance
,
colorectal cancer
,
treatment
,
metastatic colorectal cancer
,
dMMR
References:
References are not available for this document.
Citations
Citations are not available for this document.