Abstract:
The global exertion has intensified for the development of sustainable technologies for carbon dioxide capturing and utilization (CCU) due to escalating atmospheric CO2 concentration, a significant threat to climate stability and global sustainability. Among various emerging techniques for CCU, electrocatalysis and photo catalysis has gained attention for emerging as promising techniques for converting CO2 to invaluable fuels and chemicals under mild reaction conditions immolating environmentally innocuous alternatives to traditional thermochemical processes. Recent advances in CO2 reduction technologies has extensively examined in this review accentuating catalytic systems that operate at ambient temperature and pressure while maintaining high selectivity and efficiency. The CO2 reduction by photocatalysis utilizes solar energy to drive the conversion process exploiting semiconductor materials such as TiO2, g-C3 N4 and metal- organic framework as photocatalysts. Recent progress in plasmonic photocatalysts, Z-scheme heterojunctions and single atom catalysts substantially intensified light absorption, charge separation efficiency and product selectivity. In this process the major products, with product distribution controlled through catalyst design, co-catalyst selection and reaction environment application includes methanol, methane, carbon monoxide and formic acid. For CO2 activation the electrocatalytic CO2 reduction depicted as another remarkable pathway employing electrical energy to facilitate multi-electron transfer processes. The copper-based catalysts, transitional metal carbides (MXenes) and nitrogen-doped carbon materials are advanced electrode materials exhibiting remarkable performance in producing C1 and C2+. The incorporation of sustainable electricity sources makes this approach particularly attractive for sustainable chemical synthesis. Significant challenges reported in this review article include CO2 activation mechanisms, competitive hydrogen evolution reactions, catalyst stability and scalability considerations. Modern advancements in interpreting structure-active relationships, reaction intermediates and mass transport phenomena have escorted the rational design of next- generation catalysts. The CO2 conversion rates and energy efficiency have been improved by inventive reactive designs, including flow cells, gas diffusion electrodes and membrane electrode assemblies. Impending hybrid systems combining photocatalysis and electrocatalysis also discussed in this review illustrating synergistic effects that enhance overall performance.
Page(s):
86-87
DOI:
DOI not available
Published:
Journal: 4th International Conference of Sciences “Revamped Scientific Outlook of 21st Century, 2025” , November 12,2025, Volume: 1, Issue: 1, Year: 2025
Keywords:
photocatalysis
,
photocatalysis
,
Electrocatalysis
,
Electrocatalysis
,
innovative catalytic CO2 utilization
,
innovative catalytic
,
CO2 utilization