A Liability to Health-Care System: Antibiotic Resistance Emerging Trends and Global Challenges | [Journal of Pioneering Medical Sciences • 2025]

Author(s):

1. Habeeb Ali Baig: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, 91431, Saudi Arabia

2. Nawal Salama Gouda: Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Northern Border University, Arar, 91431, Saudi Arabia

3. Mallem Dinakar: Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Viswabharathi Medical College, Kurnool, 518467, India

4. Abdelrhman Elhaj: Department of Medical laboratory technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Northern Border University, Arar, 91431, Saudi Arabia

5. Vineet Madduru: Dermatology of Forefront, 5750 Centre Avenue #500, Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, 15206, USA

6. Tanvi Madduru: Lexington High School, 251 Waltham St Lexington, Massachusetts, 02421, USA

Abstract:

Antibiotics are developed to kill those germs that infect the human body. When these germs develop resistance to the drugs, the treatment of the patients becomes highly complex. This study aimed to highlight the phenomenon of antibiotic resistance and new emerging diseases. The study found that the process of developing resistance among germs is a natural and evolving process. Bacteria use intrinsic resistance to various antibiotics (multi-drug resistant) by the changes in the channels and pumps in cell membrane, inhibiting the influx of drugs. Significant gaps remain in proportion to the global impact of investment, international collaboration and collective action on antibiotic resistance. When the germs, bacteria and fungi develop resistance, they also transmit this resistance to other bacteria. Research in antibiotics resistance is focused on two aspects. In the first aspect, researchers find out those bacteria that have become resistant. Some bacteria develop resistance to some antibiotics, in which case, the patients may be treated with other antibiotics. Antibiotic-resistant genes (ARG) are transferable by HGT (horizontal gene transfer) where genetic elements like plasmid, transposons and insertion sequences were transferred which is the second aspect of reserachers. The study tries to investigate the culpability of antimicrobial resistance to the healthcare system by reviewing various articles. As per WHO guidelines, healthcare professionals should develop surveillance programs in their facilities and report information regarding antibiotic-resistant pathogens. The methodology includes systematic literature review, clinical data analysis and microbial resistance profiling. Specific outcomes highlight rising antibiotic resistance patterns, impact on healthcare costs and effectiveness of alternative treatments in mitigating resistance trends.47 The study also found that some bacteria develop resistance against all antibiotics. The interventions should focus on preventive measures because the new antibiotics are costly and the bacteria may also develop resistance against new antibiotics

Page(s): 64-72

DOI: 10.47310/jpms2025140109

Published: Journal: Journal of Pioneering Medical Sciences, Volume: 14, Issue: 1, Year: 2025

Keywords:

Antibiotic , Antibiotics , Antibiotics resistance , Global health , Antimicrobial stewardship , public health issue , resistant germs , resistant bacteria

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